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Light from an aquarium (Fig. 9.27) goes from water (n=43)through a plane of glass (n=32)into the air n=1. Assuming it鈥檚 a monochromatic plane wave and that it strikes the glass at normal incidence, find the minimum and maximum transmission coefficients (Eq. 9.199). You can see the fish clearly; how well can it see you?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The minimum and maximum transmission coefficients areTmin=0.93455andlocalid="1657453230176" Tmax=0.987959respectively, and it is clearly seen that fish sees you just as well as you see it.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information:

Given data:

The refractive index of water is n1=43

The refractive index of glass is n2=32

The refractive index of air isn3=1

02

Determine the minimum and maximum transmission coefficients:

Write the expression for the inverse of the transmission coefficient.

T-1=14n1n3[n1+n32+n12-n22n32-n22n22sin2n2dC]

Substitute localid="1657452458494" n1=43,n2=32, and n3=1in the above expression.

T-1=1443(1)1+432+432-322r2-322322sin23d2C

T-1=316499+-1736-5494sin23d2C

T-1=316499+17365449sin23d2C

T-1=4948+85(48)(36)sin23d2C 鈥︹ (1)

For transmission coefficient to be minimum,localid="1657452777022" sin23d2C=1

Substitute sin23d2C=1in equation (1).

localid="1657453325025" role="math" Tmin=4849+8536Tmin=0.93455

For transmission coefficient to be minimum, sin23d2C=0

Substitute sin23d2C=0in equation (1).

Tmax=4849

localid="1657453029338" Tmax=0.987959

On interchanging the values of n1and n3, there will be no change in the transmission coefficient equation. Hence, it is clearly seen that fish sees you just as well as you see it.

Therefore, the minimum and maximum transmission coefficients are localid="1657453345104" Tmin=0.93455andTmax=0.987959respectively, and it is clearly seen that fish sees you just as well as you see it.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Formulate an appropriate boundary condition, to replace Eq. 9.27, for the case of two strings under tension T joined by a knot of mass m.

(b) Find the amplitude and phase of the reflected and transmitted waves for the case where the knot has a mass m and the second string is massless.

If you take the model in Ex. 4.1 at face value, what natural frequency do you get? Put in the actual numbers. Where, in the electromagnetic spectrum, does this lie, assuming the radius of the atom is 0.5 脜? Find the coefficients of refraction and dispersion, and compare them with the measured values for hydrogen at 0Cand atmospheric pressure:A=1.3610-4,B=7.710-15m2 .

(a) Show that the skin depth in a poor conductor <<is ()2(independent of frequency). Find the skin depth (in meters) for (pure) water. (Use the static values of ,and ; your answers will be valid, then, only at relatively low frequencies.)

(b) Show that the skin depth in a good conductor (<<)is 2(where 位 is the wavelength in the conductor). Find the skin depth (in nanometers) for a typical metal (>>m107-1)in the visible range (1015/s), assuming =0and 0. Why are metals opaque?

(c) Show that in a good conductor the magnetic field lags the electric field by 45, and find the ratio of their amplitudes. For a numerical example, use the 鈥渢ypical metal鈥 in part (b).

Suppose you send an incident wave of specified shape, g1(z-v1t), down string number 1. It gives rise to a reflected wave, hR(z+v1t), and a transmitted wave, gT(z+v2t). By imposing the boundary conditions 9.26 and 9.27, find hRand gT.

(a) Calculate the (time-averaged) energy density of an electromagnetic plane wave in a conducting medium (Eq. 9.138). Show that the magnetic contribution always dominates.

(b) Show that the intensity is(k2)E02e-2xz

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