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In the discussion of motional emf (Sect. 7.1.3) Iassumed that the wire loop (Fig. 7.10) has a resistance R; the current generated is then I=vBhR. But what if the wire is made out of perfectly conducting material, so that Ris zero? In that case, the current is limited only by the back emf associated with the self-inductanceL of the loop (which would ordinarily be negligible in comparison with IR). Show that in this regime the loop (massm ) executes simple harmonic motion, and find its frequency. [Answer: =Bh/mL].

Short Answer

Expert verified

The expression for the frequency is BhmL.

Step by step solution

01

Write the given data from the question.

The length of the loop is l.

The resistance of the loop is R.

The self-inductance is L.

The mass of the loop is m.

The generated current in the loop is I=vBhR.

02

Determine the formulas to calculate the frequency.

The expression to calculate the back emf is given as follows.

=Bhv 鈥︹. (1)

The expression to calculate the back emf associated with the self-inductance is given as follows.

=-LdIdt 鈥︹. (2)

The expression for the force on the wire is given as follows.

F=Blh 鈥︹.. (3)

The expression for the force on the wire in terms of mass is given as follows.

F=mdvdt 鈥︹.. (4)

03

Calculate the frequency of the simple harmonic.

Equate the forces on the wire.

From the equation (3) and (4).

mdvdt=Blhdvdt=Blhm

Differentiate the above equation with respect to t.

d2vdt=BlmdIdt 鈥︹︹ (5)

Equate the equation (1) and (2).

LdIdt=BhvdIdt=BhvL

Substitute BhvLfor dIdtinto equation (5).

d2vdt=Blm(BhvL)d2vdt=B2lhvmL

From the above equation,

2=B2h2mL=B2h2mL=BhmL

Hence the expression for the frequency is BhmL.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A rectangular loop of wire is situated so that one end (height h) is between the plates of a parallel-plate capacitor (Fig. 7.9), oriented parallel to the field E. The other end is way outside, where the field is essentially zero. What is the emf in this loop? If the total resistance is R, what current flows? Explain. [Warning: This is a trick question, so be careful; if you have invented a perpetual motion machine, there's probably something wrong with it.]


(a) Show that Maxwell's equations with magnetic charge (Eq. 7.44) are invariant under the duality transformation

E'=Ecos+cBsin,cB'=cBcos-Esin,cq'e=cqecos+qmsin,q'm=qmcos-cqesin,

Where c1/00and is an arbitrary rotation angle in 鈥淓/B-space.鈥 Charge and current densities transform in the same way as qeand qm. [This means, in particular, that if you know the fields produced by a configuration of electric charge, you can immediately (using =90) write down the fields produced by the corresponding arrangement of magnetic charge.]

(b) Show that the force law (Prob. 7.38)

F=qe(E+VB)+qm(B-1c2VE)

is also invariant under the duality transformation.

An alternating current l=l0cos(wt)flows down a long straight wire, and returns along a coaxial conducting tube of radius a.

(a) In what direction does the induced electric field point (radial, circumferential, or longitudinal)?

(b) Assuming that the field goes to zero as s, findE=(s,t).

Question: An infinite wire carrying a constant current in the direction is moving in the direction at a constant speed . Find the electric field, in the quasistatic approximation, at the instant the wire coincides with the axis (Fig. 7.54).

Problem 7.61 The magnetic field of an infinite straight wire carrying a steady current I can be obtained from the displacement current term in the Ampere/Maxwell law, as follows: Picture the current as consisting of a uniform line charge moving along the z axis at speed v (so that I=位惫), with a tiny gap of length E , which reaches the origin at time t=0. In the next instant (up to t=E/v) there is no real current passing through a circular Amperian loop in the xy plane, but there is a displacement current, due to the "missing" charge in the gap.

(a) Use Coulomb's law to calculate the z component of the electric field, for points in the xy plane a distances from the origin, due to a segment of wire with uniform density - . extending from toz1=vt-Etoz2=vt .

(b) Determine the flux of this electric field through a circle of radius a in the xy plane.

(c) Find the displacement current through this circle. Show thatId is equal to I , in the limit as the gap width (E)goes to zero.35

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