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01

Expression for the linear speed and the circumference of the circle: 

02

Determine the ratio of the circumference to the diameter:

As the radius stays the same in the inertial frame of reference to another frame of reference, the radius of a circular field does not expand or contract. For considering the circumference, there should be Lorentz-contracted to a smaller value than at rest by a Lorentz factor y. Hence,

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) Equation 12.40 defines proper velocity in terms of ordinary velocity. Invert that equation to get the formula for u in terms of η.

(b) What is the relation between proper velocity and rapidity (Eq. 12.34)? Assume the velocity is along the x direction, and find as a function of θ.

particle’s kinetic energy is ntimes its rest energy, what is its speed?

An ideal magnetic dipole moment m is located at the origin of an inertial system S¯ that moves with speed v in the x direction with respect to inertial system S. InS¯ the vector potential is

A¯=μ04πm¯×r^¯r¯2

(Eq. 5.85), and the scalar potentialV¯ is zero.

(a) Find the scalar potential V in S.

(b) In the nonrelativistic limit, show that the scalar potential in S is that of an ideal electric dipole of magnitude

p=v×mc2

located atO¯ .

The parallel between rotations and Lorentz transformations is even more striking if we introduce the rapidity:

θ=tanh-1(vc) (12.34)

(a) Express the Lorentz transformation matrix(Eq. 12.24) in terms ofθ, and compare it to the rotation matrix (Eq. 1.29).

In some respects, rapidity is a more natural way to describe motion than velocity. For one thing, it ranges fromrole="math" localid="1654511220255" +∞ to +∞, instead of -c to +c. More significantly, rapidities add, whereas velocities do not.

(b) Express the Einstein velocity addition law in terms of rapidity.

(a) Event Ahappens at point ( role="math" localid="1658241385743" xA=5,yA=3,zA=0) and at time tA given by ctA=15; event Boccurs at role="math" localid="1658241462040" (10,8,0)and, ctB=5 both in systemS .

(i) What is the invariant interval between A and B?

(ii) Is there an inertial system in which they occur simultaneously? If so, find its velocity (magnitude and direction) relative to S.

(iii) Is there an inertial system in which they occur at the same point? If so, find its velocity relative to S.

(b) Repeat part (a) for A=(0,0,0), ct=1; and B=(5,0,0),ct=3 .

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