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Chapter 2: Problem 22

How is Newton's third law of motion involved when you jump straight upward?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Newton's third law of motion applies when someone jumps straight upward by showing that the action force a person exerts on the ground is met with an equal and opposite reaction force by the ground on the person, allowing them to move against gravity and jump.

Step by step solution

01

Recall Newton's third law of motion

Newton's third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In other words, when an object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts an equal force in the opposite direction on object A. Mathematically, it can be represented as: F_AB = -F_BA
02

Identify the action force

When a person jumps straight upward, they exert a force on the ground beneath them. This force is the action force. The person has to apply a force on the ground equal to their body weight (which is the force due to gravity) but in the opposite direction, to overcome gravity and jump off the ground. Mathematically, this force can be represented as the following for the person (P) and the ground (G): F_PG = -mP * g, where mP is the mass of the person, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.
03

Identify the reaction force

According to Newton's third law of motion, the ground must exert an equal and opposite force on the person. This force is known as the reaction force. This force is what enables the person to move upward against gravity. Mathematically, this force can be represented as: F_GP = mP * g
04

Apply Newton's third law of motion to the jump

During the jump, the person's action force (F_PG) is equal and opposite to the ground's reaction force (F_GP): F_PG = -F_GP. This relationship demonstrates how Newton's third law of motion is involved in jumping straight upward. The person exerts a force on the ground to overcome gravity (action force), and the ground provides an equal and opposite force on the person (reaction force) to push them upward. In conclusion, Newton's third law of motion is involved in jumping straight upward, as the action force a person exerts on the ground is met with an equal and opposite reaction force by the ground on the person, allowing them to move against gravity and jump.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What do we mean by "external" force? In light of Newton's third law of motion, why can't an internal force alone produce an acceleration of a system?

As any car travels with constant velocity on a straight, flat section of highway, the road still exerts both a vertical (upward or downward) force and a horizontal (forward or backward) force on the car. Identify the specific direction of each of these forces.

The terminal speed of a ping-pong ball is about \(20 \mathrm{mph}\). From the top of a tall building on a windless day, a ping-pong ball is thrown downward with an initial speed of \(50 \mathrm{mph}\). Describe what happens to the ball's speed as it moves downward from the moment it is thrown to the moment when it hits the ground.

Imagine that two identical containers, one filled with marbles and the other filled with Styrofoam beads, are released simultaneously from rest from the same height - say, \(3 \mathrm{~m}\) -above Earth's surface. (a) Which container, if either, experiences the greater gravitational force? Justify your answer. (b) Which container, if either, experiences the greater acceleration from gravity? Again, justify your answer.

We have studied four different laws authored by Sir Isaac Newton. For each of the following, indicate which law is best for the task described. (a) Calculating the net force on a car as it slows down. (b) Calculating the force exerted on a satellite by Earth. (c) Showing the mathematical relationship between mass and weight. (d) Explaining the direction that a rubber stopper takes after the string that was keeping it moving in a circle overhead is cut. (e) Explaining why a gun recoils when it is fired. (f) Explaining why a wing on an airplane is lifted upward as it moves through the air.
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