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Chapter 20: Problem 15

What is meant by the term frequency in reference to an alternating current?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the context of an alternating current (AC), frequency is the number of times the current changes direction in one second. It's measured in Hertz (Hz), thus a frequency of 60 Hz signifies that the current alternates its direction 60 times per second.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Term Frequency

Frequency, usually denoted by the symbol \( f \), is a measurement of the number of times that a repeated event occurs per unit of time. In the context of alternating current (AC), it refers to the number of times the current changes direction in one second.
02

Relating Frequency to Alternating Current (AC)

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction. The standard unit of frequency is the Hertz (Hz), which is one oscillation per second. So in the context of an AC, a frequency of 60 Hz means the current alternates its direction 60 times per second.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Alternating Current
In our daily lives, we often interact with various electrical current forms through our appliances and gadgets. Alternating current, commonly abbreviated as AC, is a significant type of electric current. It is characterized by its ability to change direction periodically. This unique behavior contrasts with direct current (DC), which maintains a constant flow in a single direction.

AC is prevalent in household and industrial applications due to several practical benefits:
  • Efficient Transmission: AC can travel over longer distances with minimal power loss, making it ideal for power distribution.
  • Transformation Capabilities: It's easy to step up or down the voltage of AC using a transformer, allowing for efficient energy distribution.
The periodic direction change of AC is directly tied to its frequency, which is a vital concept when discussing alternating current.
Hertz
When discussing frequency, the term Hertz (Hz) frequently comes up. Named after Heinrich Hertz, a pioneering scientist in electromagnetic theory, this unit measures the frequency of events that occur in a given time frame.

For alternating current, frequency refers to how many times the current reverses direction in one second. Imagine a wave that moves back and forth; the number of complete cycles or oscillations that occur in one second defines its frequency.
  • A frequency of 1 Hz means one complete cycle per second.
  • Common frequency for AC in many countries is 50 Hz or 60 Hz, indicating 50 or 60 cycles per second, respectively.
Understanding Hertz helps in determining the behavior and efficiency of electrical systems, as the frequency can affect the performance and compatibility of electronic devices.
Electric Current
Electric current is the flow of electric charge, often carried by moving electrons through a conductive medium like a wire. This flow is vital for the operation of electrical devices and can occur in two main forms: direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC).

Several critical points define electric current:
  • Directionality: DC maintains a single-direction flow, whereas AC oscillates back and forth.
  • Measurement: Current is measured in amperes (A), indicating the amount of charge flowing past a point per unit of time.
  • Sources: Common sources of electric current include batteries (DC) for small devices and power stations (AC) for larger applications.
Electric current's ability to power everything from small LED bulbs to entire power grids makes it a cornerstone of our technological world. Understanding how it works, especially in the context of AC and its frequency, is crucial for working with modern electrical systems.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Does a step-up transformer increase power? Explain your answer.

Describe how mutual induction occurs.

A rectangular coil \(0.055 \mathrm{m}\) by \(0.085 \mathrm{m}\) is positioned so that its cross-sectional area is perpendicular to the direction of a magnetic field, \(B .\) If the coil has 75 turns and a total resistance of \(8.7 \Omega\) and the field decreases at a rate of \(3.0 \mathrm{T} / \mathrm{s}\), what is the magnitude of the induced current in the coil?

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