/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 12 How are heat, internal energy, a... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Problem 12

How are heat, internal energy, and thermal energy related to each other?

Short Answer

Expert verified
#Question# Explain the relationship between heat, internal energy, and thermal energy. #Answer# Heat is the energy transfer due to a temperature difference, internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, and thermal energy is a form of internal energy related to the random motion of atoms and molecules. Heat has a direct impact on the change in internal energy and creates a change in thermal energy, which results in a change in temperature.

Step by step solution

01

Define Heat

Heat is the energy transferred between two systems or between a system and its surroundings due to a temperature difference. Heat can flow from a hotter body to a colder one or vice versa. Heat always flows in the direction that reduces the temperature difference. The SI unit of heat is the Joule (J).
02

Define Internal Energy

Internal energy (U) is the total energy contained within a system. It consists of all the energy associated with the system's atoms and molecules such as kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is the energy of the interactions between these atoms and molecules. The unit of internal energy is also Joule (J).
03

Define Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is a form of internal energy that arises due to the random motion of atoms and molecules in a substance. It is also known as heat energy. Thermal energy depends on the temperature and quantity of the substance; the higher the temperature or quantity, the greater the thermal energy. The unit of thermal energy is Joule (J).
04

Relationship between Heat and Internal Energy

Heat is the energy transfer between systems due to a temperature difference, while internal energy is the total energy contained within a system. When heat is added to a system, the internal energy of the system typically increases and the temperature rises (unless the energy is being used for a phase change). Similarly, when heat is taken away from a system, the internal energy decreases, and the temperature lowers.
05

Relationship between Thermal Energy and Internal Energy

Unlike heat, which is an energy transfer, thermal energy is a form of internal energy that arises from the random motion of atoms and molecules in a substance. Thermal energy contributes to the internal energy, but it's not the only factor. Other forms of energy that contribute to internal energy include chemical energy (related to bond formation and breaking) and nuclear energy (related to nucleus interactions).
06

Conclusion

In summary, heat is the energy transfer due to a temperature difference, internal energy is the total energy contained within a system, and thermal energy is a form of internal energy that is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules. Heat has a direct impact on the change in internal energy and creates a change in thermal energy, which results in a change in temperature.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

A logic chip used in a computer dissipates \(3 \mathrm{~W}\) of power in an environment at \(120^{\circ} \mathrm{F}\), and has a heat transfer surface area of \(0.08 \mathrm{in}^{2}\). Assuming the heat transfer from the surface to be uniform, determine \((a)\) the amount of heat this chip dissipates during an eight-hour work day, in \(\mathrm{kWh}\), and \((b)\) the heat flux on the surface of the chip, in W/in \({ }^{2}\).

Define thermal conductivity and explain its significance in heat transfer.

A \(3-\mathrm{m}^{2}\) black surface at \(140^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is losing heat to the surrounding air at \(35^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) by convection with a heat transfer coefficient of \(16 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\), and by radiation to the surrounding surfaces at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The total rate of heat loss from the surface is (a) \(5105 \mathrm{~W}\) (b) \(2940 \mathrm{~W}\) (c) \(3779 \mathrm{~W}\) (d) \(8819 \mathrm{~W}\) (e) \(5040 \mathrm{~W}\)

How does forced convection differ from natural convection?

A solid plate, with a thickness of \(15 \mathrm{~cm}\) and a thermal conductivity of \(80 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}\), is being cooled at the upper surface by air. The air temperature is \(10^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), while the temperatures at the upper and lower surfaces of the plate are 50 and \(60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), respectively. Determine the convection heat transfer coefficient of air at the upper surface and discuss whether the value is reasonable or not for force convection of air.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Physics Textbooks

Radiation

Read Explanation

Physics of Motion

Read Explanation

Geometrical and Physical Optics

Read Explanation

Force

Read Explanation

Waves Physics

Read Explanation

Work Energy and Power

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.