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A record turntable rotating at \(33 \frac{1}{3}\) rev/min slows down and stops in \(30 \mathrm{~s}\) after the motor is turned off. (a) Find its (constant) angular acceleration in revolutions per minute-squared. (b) How many revolutions does it make in this time?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Angular acceleration is \(-\frac{200}{3} \text{ rev/min}^2\), total revolutions are \(\frac{25}{3}\).

Step by step solution

01

Convert Initial Angular Velocity

The initial angular velocity of the turntable needs to be expressed in consistent units. It starts at \( \omega_0 = 33 \frac{1}{3} \text{ rev/min} \), which can be written as \( \omega_0 = \frac{100}{3} \text{ rev/min} \).
02

Calculate Angular Acceleration

We will use the formula for angular acceleration \( \alpha = \frac{\Delta \omega}{\Delta t} \). Since the final angular velocity is zero because the turntable stops, \( \alpha = \frac{0 - \frac{100}{3}}{30/60} \). Simplifying gives \( \alpha = \frac{-100}{3 \times 0.5} = -\frac{200}{3} \text{ rev/min}^2 \).
03

Calculate Total Revolutions Made

To find the number of revolutions, use the formula \( \theta = \omega_0 t + \frac{1}{2} \alpha t^2 \). Here, \( \theta \) is the angle in revolutions, \( \omega_0 = \frac{100}{3} \text{ rev/min} \), \( \alpha = -\frac{200}{3} \text{ rev/min}^2 \), and \( t = 0.5 \text{ min} \). Thus, \( \theta = \frac{100}{3} \times 0.5 + \frac{1}{2} \times -\frac{200}{3} \times (0.5)^2 \). Simplifying, \( \theta = \frac{50}{3} - \frac{25}{3} = \frac{25}{3} \).
04

Simplify and Finalize Solutions

From Step 2, the angular acceleration \( \alpha = -\frac{200}{3} \text{ rev/min}^2 \). From Step 3, the total revolutions made \( \theta = \frac{25}{3} \text{ rev} \).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Revolutions per Minute
Revolutions per Minute, or RPM, is a unit of rotational speed that indicates the number of complete turns something makes in one minute. It's a common measure for expressing the rotational speed of devices like car engines, hard disk drives, and in this case, a record turntable.

Understanding RPM is essential for analyzing rotational motion, as it directly tells you how fast an object is spinning. In the exercise, the turntable initially spins at \( 33 \frac{1}{3} \) RPM. This means that every minute, the turntable completes about 33.33 full rotations.

To calculate angular acceleration, RPM must often be converted to other units that are consistent with time measurements, such as seconds or hours. This conversion helps when using formulas related to angular motion, allowing for accurate calculations.
Angular Velocity
Angular Velocity is a measure of how quickly an object rotates or spins around a fixed point. It's the rate at which the angular position or orientation of an object changes with time, typically measured in radians per second or revolutions per minute (RPM).

In physics problems like the one provided, angular velocity is usually represented by the Greek letter \( \omega \). Initial angular velocity is crucial for determining changes in rotational motion, such as slowing down or speeding up.

The exercise starts with an initial angular velocity \( \omega_0 = 33 \frac{1}{3} \text{ rev/min} \). Before tackling angular acceleration or displacement, we convert it into consistent units, making calculations easier.

Understanding angular velocity helps in finding how many revolutions the turntable will make when slowing down. Since it decreases over time due to some stopping force, it's instrumental in understanding the physics behind rotational motion.
Rotational Motion
Rotational Motion refers to the motion of an object as it rotates around a central axis or point. It's a type of motion distinguished from linear motion, which occurs along a straight path.

Key concepts within rotational motion include angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. These relate to their linear equivalents, providing insights into objects that spin, twist, or turn.

In our exercise, a record turntable demonstrates rotational motion. Initially moving with a constant speed, it gradually comes to a stop. The problem deals with finding quantities like angular acceleration and displacement, specifically how the motion changes when the driving force stops.

Understanding rotational motion allows us to calculate how many times the turntable will spin before halting, using the principle of angular displacement \( \theta = \omega_0 t + \frac{1}{2} \alpha t^2 \). Recognizing the pattern in which objects rotate helps in applications across engineering, physics, and everyday mechanics.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A drum rotates around its central axis at an angular velocity of \(12.60 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}\). If the drum then slows at a constant rate of \(4.20 \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) (a) how much time does it take and (b) through what angle does it rotate in coming to rest?

Between 1911 and 1990 , the top of the leaning bell tower at Pisa, Italy, moved toward the south at an average rate of \(1.2 \mathrm{~mm} / \mathrm{y}\). The tower is \(55 \mathrm{~m}\) tall. In radians per second, what is the average angular speed of the tower's top about its base?

(a) What is the angular speed \(\omega\) about the polar axis of a point on Earth's surface at latitude \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{N} ?\) (Earth rotates about that axis.) (b) What is the linear speed \(v\) of the point? What are (c) \(\omega\) and \((\mathrm{d}) v\) for a point at the equator?

Attached to each end of a thin steel rod of length \(1.20 \mathrm{~m}\) and mass \(6.40 \mathrm{~kg}\) is a small ball of mass \(1.06 \mathrm{~kg} .\) The rod is constrained to rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through its midpoint. At a certain instant, it is rotating at \(39.0 \mathrm{rev} / \mathrm{s}\). Because of friction, it slows to a stop in \(32.0 \mathrm{~s}\). Assuming a constant retarding torque due to friction, compute (a) the angular acceleration, (b) the retarding torque, (c) the total energy transferred from mechanical energy to thermal energy by friction, and (d) the number of revolutions rotated during the \(32.0 \mathrm{~s}\). (e) Now suppose that the retarding torque is known not to be constant. If any of the quantities (a), (b), (c), and (d) can still be computed without additional information, give its value.

A pulsar is a rapidly rotating neutron star that emits a radio beam the way a lighthouse emits a light beam. We receive a radio pulse for each rotation of the star. The period \(T\) of rotation is found by measuring the time between pulses. The pulsar in the Crab nebula has a period of rotation of \(T=0.033 \mathrm{~s}\) that is increasing at the rate of \(1.26 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~s} / \mathrm{y} .(\mathrm{a})\) What is the pulsar's angular acceleration \(\alpha ?\) (b) If \(\alpha\) is constant, how many years from now will the pulsar stop rotating? (c) The pulsar originated in a supernova explosion seen in the year 1054 . Assuming constant \(\alpha\), find the initial \(T\).

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