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In fig. 37-9, the origins of the two frames coincide at t=t'=0 and the relative speed is 0.950c. Two micrometeorites collide at coordinates x=100km and t=200s according to an observer in frame S. What are the (a) spatial and (b) temporal coordinate of the collision according to an observer in frame S' ?

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. The spatial coordinate in S' is 138km.
  2. The temporal coordinate in S' is -37.4s.

Step by step solution

01

The length contraction equation 

The length contraction equation states that x-vt=x'1-vc2, where the expressionx-vt is equal to the length measured in the inertial reference frame.

02

The spatial coordinate in frame 

By using the above given formula, we can calculate the spatial coordinate, x', of the event in the moving observer鈥檚 time frame.

Substitute the given values in the above formula:

x-vt=x'1-vc2

100103-0.950.3108.20010-6=x'1-0.950cc2x'=1.38105mx'=138km

Thus, the spatial coordinate in S' is 138km.

03

The temporal coordinate in frame

Here, we use time dilation equation, t'=t-xv1-vc2, where t-xv shows that time measured in the reference frame.

Substitute the given values in the above equation:

t'=t-xv1-vc2t'=20010-6-1001030.950.31081-0.950cc2t'=-3.7410-4st'=-374s

Thus, the temporal coordinate in S' is -374s.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The car-in-the-garage problem. Carman has just purchased the world鈥檚 longest stretch limo, which has a proper length of Lc=30.5鈥尘. In Fig. 37-32a, it is shown parked in front of a garage with a proper length of Lg=6.00鈥尘. The garage has a front door (shown open) and a back door (shown closed).The limo is obviously longer than the garage. Still, Garageman, who owns the garage and knows something about relativistic length contraction, makes a bet with Carman that the limo can fit in the garage with both doors closed. Carman, who dropped his physics course before reaching special relativity, says such a thing, even in principle, is impossible.

To analyze Garageman鈥檚 scheme, an xc axis is attached to the limo, with xc=0 at the rear bumper, and an xg axis is attached to the garage, with xg=0 at the (now open) front door. Then Carman is to drive the limo directly toward the front door at a velocity of 0.9980c(which is, of course, both technically and financially impossible). Carman is stationary in the xcreference frame; Garageman is stationary in the role="math" localid="1663064422721" Xgreference frame.

There are two events to consider. Event 1: When the rear bumper clears the front door, the front door is closed. Let the time of this event be zero to both Carman and Garageman: tg1=tc1=0. The event occurs at xg=xc=0. Figure 37-32b shows event 1 according to the xg reference frame. Event 2: When the front bumper reaches the back door, that door opens. Figure 37-32c shows event 2 according to the xg reference frame.

According to Garageman, (a) what is the length of the limo, and what are the spacetime coordinates (b) xg2 and (c) tg2 of event 2? (d) For how long is the limo temporarily 鈥渢rapped鈥 inside the garage with both doors shut? Now consider the situation from the xc reference frame, in which the garage comes racing past the limo at a velocity of 0.9980c. According to Carman, (e) what is the length of the passing garage, what are the spacetime coordinates (f) Xc2and (g) tc2 of event 2, (h) is the limo ever in the garage with both doors shut, and (i) which event occurs first? (j) Sketch events 1 and 2 as seen by Carman. (k) Are the events causally related; that is, does one of them cause the other? (l) Finally, who wins the bet?

A rod is to move at constant speed v along the xaxis of reference frame S, with the rod鈥檚 length parallel to that axis. An observer in frame Sis to measure the length Lof the rod. Figure 37-23 given length Lversus speed parameter for a range of values for . The vertical axis scale is set by La=1.00m. What is L if v=0.95c?

What is the speed parameter for the following speeds: (a) a typical rate of continental drift (1 in./y); (b) a typical drift speed for electrons in a current-carrying conductor (0.5 mm/s); (c) a highway speed limit of 55 mi/h; (d) the root-mean-square speed of a hydrogen molecule at room temperature; (e) a supersonic plane flying at Mach 2.5 (1200 km/h); (f) the escape speed of a projectile from the Earth鈥檚 surface; (g) the speed of Earth in its orbit around the Sun; (h) a typical recession of a distant quasar due to the cosmological expansion 3104kms-1.

A rod lies parallel to the x axis of the reference frame S, moving along this axis at a speed of 0.630c. Its rest length is 1.70 m. What will be its measured length in frame S ?

Figure 37-16 shows a ship (attached to reference frame S') passing us (standing in reference frameS). A proton is fired at nearly the speed of light along the length of the ship, from the front to the rear. (a) Is the spatial separation x'between the point at which the proton is fired and the point at which it hits the ship鈥檚 rear wall a positive or negative quantity? (b) Is the temporal separation t'between those events a positive or negative quantity?

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