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Chapter 42: Q89P (page 1307)
What is the likely mass number of a spherical nucleus with a radius of 3.6 fm as measured by electron-scattering methods?
The likely mass number of the nucleus is 27.
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Locate the nuclides displayed in Table 42-1 on the nuclidic chart of Fig. 42-5. Verify that they lie in the stability zone.
The plutonium isotope is produced as a by-product in nuclear reactors and hence is accumulating in our environment. It is radioactive, decaying with a half-life of . (a) How many nuclei of Pu constitute a chemically lethal dose of? (b) What is the decay rate of this amount?
Large radionuclides emit an alpha particle rather than other combinations of nucleons because the alpha particle has such a stable, tightly bound structure. To confirm this statement, calculate the disintegration energies for these hypothetical decay processes and discuss the meaning of your findings:
The needed atomic masses are
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Cancer cells are more vulnerable to x and gamma radiation than are healthy cells. In the past, the standard source for radiation therapy was radioactive , which decays, with a half-life of 5.27y, into an excited nuclear state of.That nickel isotope then immediately emits two gamma-ray photons, each with an approximate energy of 1.2MeV. How many radioactivenuclei are present in a 6000Cisource of the type used in hospitals? (Energetic particles from linear accelerators are now used in radiation therapy.)
The radioactive nuclide can be injected into a patient鈥檚 bloodstream in order to monitor the blood flow, measure the blood volume, or find a tumor, among other goals. The nuclide is produced in a hospital by a 鈥渃ow鈥� containing, a radioactive nuclide that decays towith a half-life of 67h. Once a day, the cow is 鈥渕ilked鈥� for its, which is produced in an excited state by the; thede-excites to its lowest energy state by emitting a gamma-ray photon, which is recorded by detectors placed around the patient. The de-excitation has a half-life of 6.0h. (a) By what process doesdecay to? (b) If a patient is injected with asample of, how many gamma-ray photons are initially produced within the patient each second? (c) If the emission rate of gamma-ray photons from a small tumor that has collected is 38 per second at a certain time, how many excited statesare located in the tumor at that time?
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