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If an electron in an atom has orbital angular momentum with values limited by 3, how many values of (a) Lorb,zand (b) orb,zcan the electron have? In terms of h, m, and e, what is the greatest allowed magnitude for (c)Lorb,zand (d)orb,z? (e) What is the greatest allowed magnitude for the z component of the electron鈥檚 net angular momentum (orbital plus spin)? (f) How many values (signs included) are allowed for the z component of its net angular momentum?

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. Number of values of Lorb,zthat an electron can have is seven
  2. Number of values oforb,z that an electron can have is seven
  3. Greatest allowed magnitude ofLorb,zis3h2
  4. Greatest allowed magnitude oforb,zis3eh4me
  5. Greatest allowed magnitude for z component of the electron鈥檚 net angular momentumis3.5h2
  6. Number of values allowed to magnitude for z component of the electron鈥檚 net angular momentum is 8.

Step by step solution

01

Listing the given quantities

Angular orbital momentum has value,m2=3

02

Understanding the concepts of magnetic field

By using the concept of quantum numbers, we can find the number of values and greatest allowed values.

Formulas:

Number of different values ofm1is given byrole="math" localid="1663138105073" 2l+1

Lorb,z=mlh2

03

(a) Calculations of Number of values of Lorb,z

For the given value of l,mvaries from -lto+l. Thus, in this case, 1=3, and the number of different values of m1is

2l+1=23+1=7

So, there are 7 different values of Lorb,z

04

(b) Calculations of number of valuesμorb,z of μorb,z

Similarly, since orb,zis directly proportional tom1, there are total 7 different values of orb,z.

05

(c) Calculations of greatest allowed magnitude of Lorb,z

As we know,Lorb,z=mlh2. So, the greatest allowed value ofLorb,zis given by

mlmaximumh2=3h2

Greatest allowed magnitude of Lorb,zislocalid="1663139848998" 3h2

06

(d) Calculations of greatest allowed magnitude of μorb,z

Sinceorb,z=-mlB, the greatest allowed value oforb,zis given by

mlmaximumB=3eh4me

Greatest allowed magnitude oforb,z is3eh4me

07

(e) Calculations of greatest allowed magnitude for z component of the electron’s net angular momentum

The z component of the net angular momentum of the electron is given by

Lnet,z=Lorb,Z+Ls,Z=mlh2+msh2

From the given value,ml=3&ms=12. Thus,

role="math" localid="1663140942371" Lnet,zmaximum=3+12h2=3.5h2

Greatest allowed magnitude for z component of the electron鈥檚 net angular momentum is3.5h2

08

(f) Calculations of number of values allowed to magnitude for z component of the electron’s net angular momentum

Since, the values ofLnet,z are given bymjmaximumh2withmjmaximum=3.5

The number of allowed values for z component ofLnet,z is given as

role="math" localid="1663141133934" 2mjmaximum=23.5+1=8

Number of values allowed to magnitude for z component of the electron鈥檚 net angular momentum is 8.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The equation 1p+1i=2rfor spherical mirrors is an approximation that is valid if the image is formed by rays that make only small angles with the central axis. In reality, many of the angles are large, which smears the image a little. You can determine how much. Refer to Fig. 34-22 and consider a ray that leaves a point source (the object) on the central axis and that makes an angle a with that axis. First, find the point of intersection of the ray with the mirror. If the coordinates of this intersection point are x and y and the origin is placed at the center of curvature, then y=(x+p-r)tan a and x2+ y2= r2where pis the object distance and r is the mirror鈥檚 radius of curvature. Next, use tan=yxto find the angle b at the point of intersection, and then use+y=2tofind the value of g. Finally, use the relationtany=y(x+i-r)to find the distance iof the image. (a) Suppose r=12cmand r=12cm. For each of the following values of a, find the position of the image 鈥 that is, the position of the point where the reflected ray crosses the central axis:(0.500,0.100,0.0100rad). Compare the results with those obtained with theequation1p+1i=2r.(b) Repeat the calculations for p=4.00cm.

32 through 38 37, 38 33, 35 Spherical refracting surfaces. An object Ostands on the central axis of a spherical refracting surface. For this situation, each problem in Table 34-5 refers to the index of refraction n1where the object is located, (a) the index of refraction localid="1663039333438" n2on the other side of the refracting surface, (b) the object distance p, (c) the radius of curvature rof the surface, and (d) the image distance i. (All distances are in centimeters.) Fill in the missing information, including whether the image is (e) real (R)or virtual (V)and (f) on the same side of the surface as the object Oor on the opposite side.


Isaac Newton, having convinced himself (erroneously as it turned out) that chromatic aberration is an inherent property of refracting telescopes, invented the reflecting telescope, shown schematically in Fig. 34-59. He presented his second model of this telescope, with a magnifying power of 38, to the Royal Society (of London), which still has it. In Fig. 34-59, incident light falls, closely parallel to the telescope axis, on the objective mirror. After reflection from the small mirror (the figure is not to scale), the rays form a real, inverted image in the focal plane (the plane perpendicular to the line of sight, at focal point F). This image is then viewed through an eyepiece. (a) Show that the angular magnification for the device is given by Eq. 34-15:

m=fob/fey

fob

the focal length of the objective is a mirror and

feyis that of the eyepiece.

(b) The 200 in. mirror in the reflecting telescope at Mt. Palomar in California has a focal length of 16.8 m. Estimate the size of the image formed by this mirror when the object is a meter stick 2.0 km away. Assume parallel incident rays. (c) The mirror of a different reflecting astronomical telescope has an effective radius of curvature of 10 m (鈥渆ffective鈥 because such mirrors are ground to a parabolic rather than a spherical shape, to eliminate spherical aberration defects). To give an angular magnification of 200, what must be the focal length of the eyepiece?

9, 11, 13 Spherical mirrors. Object Ostands on the central axis of a spherical mirror. For this situation, each problem in Table 34-3 gives object distance ps (centimeters), the type of mirror, and then the distance (centimeters, without proper sign) between the focal point and the mirror. Find (a) the radius of curvature r (including sign), (b) the image distance i, and (c) the lateral magnification m. Also, determine whether the image is (d) real (R) or virtual (V), (e) inverted (I) from objectO or non-inverted (NI), and (f) on the same side of the mirror asO or on the opposite side.

58 through 67 61 59 Lenses with given radii. An object Ostands in front of a thin lens, on the central axis. For this situation, each problem in Table 34-7 gives object distance p, index of refraction n of the lens, radius r1of the nearer lens surface, and radius r2of the farther lens surface. (All distances are in centimeters.) Find (a) the image distance and (b) the lateral magnification m of the object, including signs. Also, determine whether the image is (c) real (R)or virtual (V), (d) inverted (I)from the object Oor non-inverted (NI), and (e) on the same side of the lens as object Oor on the opposite side

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