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In the figure, a square of edge length20.0 cmis formed by four spheres of massesm1=5.00g,m2=3.00g,m3=1.00g,m4=5.00g. In unit-vector notation, what is the net gravitational force from them on a central sphere with massm5=2.50g?


Short Answer

Expert verified

The net gravitational force is 1.1610-14i^+1.1610-14j^

Step by step solution

01

The given data

From the figure, edge length of the square = 0.2 m

Mass of four spheres at the edges

m1=0.005kgm2=0.003kgm3=0.003kgm4=0.005kg

Mass of the central sphere,m5=0.0025kg

Distance between each edge sphere and the central sphere =0.14 m

Gravitational constant, G=6.6710-11N-m2/kg2

02

Understanding the concept of Newton’s law of gravitation

Force between two masses can be calculated by using Newton鈥檚 law of gravitation. According to Newton鈥檚 law of gravitation, the force of two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. By vector addition, we can find the net force.

Formula:

Gravitational force of attraction, F=Gm1m2r2 (i)

03

Calculation of net gravitational force on the central sphere

Here, force due to masses m1and m4are same in magnitude because of their same masses and opposite in direction, so they cancel out each other.

Hence, net force is due to masses m2and m3only.

Using equation (i), Force due to mass m2is given by:

F25=Gm2m5r152=6.6710-110.003*0.00250.142=2.510-14Nalongdigonal45withbase

Using equation (i), Force due to mass m3is given by:

Net force:

F=F25-F35=2.510-14-8.3510-15=1.6710-14N45withbase

Hence,

F=1.6710-14cos45i^+(1.6710-14sin45j^=1.1610-14i^+1.1610-14j^

The net gravitational force is1.1610-14i^+1.1610-14j^

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