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Chapter 1: Problem 3

A hands-free, self-balancing two-wheeled board or scooter (also sometimes referred to as a hover board) is described on Wikipedia as a portable, rechargeable-battery-powered scooter with a wheel on each side of a platform on which a rider stands. Review several hover board videos at www.youtube.com and address the question as to whether the hands-free board is a "reasonable safe design" using the following categories: (a) The usefulness and desirability of the product (b) The availability of other and safer products to meet the same or similar needs (c) The likelihood of injury and its probable seriousness (d) The obviousness of the danger (e) Common knowledge and normal public expectation of the danger (particularly for newer versus established products) (f) The avoidability of injury by care in use of the product (including the effect of instructions and warnings) (g) The ability to eliminate the danger without seriously impairing the usefulness of the product or making it unduly expensive

Short Answer

Expert verified
Conclusion of the analysis will depend on the insights gained during each step. It should provide a balanced view of hoverboard's safety design considering both its features and potential hazards. No single step can answer the question fully, rather the combination of all steps will lead to a comprehensive conclusion on whether the hoverboard can be considered 'reasonably safe' or not.

Step by step solution

01

Evaluate usefulness and desirability

The first investigation would be to determine the usefulness and desirability of the hoverboard. This can be done by examining its capabilities, features, and overall reception by the consumers.
02

Compare with similar products

The following step involves comparison of the product with alternative and possibly safer options available in the market. Explore other personal transportation devices and assess their comparative safety features and efficiency.
03

Assess Risk of Injury

Now assess the risk of injury associated with hoverboards. This assessment should include the potential kinds of accidents, the frequency and possible severity of injuries that can occur.
04

Assess Danger Obviousness

Next, assess how obvious or hidden the potential dangers of riding a hoverboard are. Determine whether the dangers are easily recognizable to a potential rider or operator.
05

Consider Possible Public Knowledge of Risks

Determine what level of knowledge the public might reasonably be expected to have regarding hoverboard safety. This can include risk awareness among new users versus experienced users.
06

Avoidability of Injury

Evaluate whether injuries can be avoided through proper handling, following provided instructions and warnings. Discuss the effectiveness of user warnings / instructions on reducing risks.
07

Evaluate Potential Safety Improvements

Finally, discuss if there is any way in which the product could be made safer without affecting its functionality or making it excessively expensive. Review the potential enhancements that could further increase the product safety.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Hoverboard Safety
When we talk about hoverboard safety, it's essential to consider various factors to determine if these devices are indeed safe to use. Hoverboards have gained popularity for their convenience and fun factor. However, safety is a significant concern. Several features should be examined for safety assessments, such as:
  • Stability of the device - Does it provide a stable platform for the rider?
  • Quality of the components - Are the materials used in construction durable and reliable?
  • Functionality - How does the device operate in different conditions?
These elements can affect the overall safety of the device, contributing to the risk of accidents or malfunctions.
Consumer reviews and expert evaluations can provide insights into the practical safety of hoverboards. Understanding these factors helps users gauge the risks associated with hoverboard usage.
Risk Evaluation
Risk evaluation involves assessing the potential dangers associated with using hoverboards. This process identifies the likelihood of injuries occurring and their possible severity. Important components of risk evaluation include:
  • Types of possible accidents - Falls, collisions, or technical malfunctions are common.
  • Frequency of reported incidents - How often do these issues arise according to user reports?
  • Severity of injuries - What are the typical consequences of these accidents in terms of injury seriousness?
By analyzing these aspects, manufacturers and users can better understand the risks and work towards minimizing them.
Reliable data and comprehensive risk evaluation can assist in developing strategies that enhance safety protocols and make the use of hoverboards more secure.
Consumer Product Safety
Consumer product safety refers to the responsibilities manufacturers have to ensure their products are safe for consumers. This involves not only complying with standards but also proactively identifying and correcting potential hazards. Key aspects of consumer product safety include:
  • Compliance with safety regulations - Hoverboards should meet established safety standards set by regulatory authorities.
  • Quality control measures - Monitoring production and testing products for defects can prevent unsafe products from reaching the market.
  • Effective user instructions and warnings - Clear, concise instructions can help mitigate risks by informing users of potential hazards.
Proactive measures can include additional safety features or redesigns that prioritize user safety without sacrificing product functionality.
Ultimately, consumer product safety is about protecting users while allowing them to enjoy the benefits and convenience hoverboards offer.
Injury Prevention
Injury prevention focuses on strategies and practices to minimize the risk of accidents and harm to hoverboard users. There are several approaches to enhancing safety and reducing potential injuries:
  • Improved safety features - Incorporating advanced technology like better balancing systems or more responsive brakes.
  • Educational resources - Providing users with tips and guidance on how to ride safely.
  • Protective gear - Encouraging the use of helmets and pads to minimize injury in case of falls or accidents.
Prevention extends to changes both in design and user behavior.
By focusing on these preventive measures, users can enjoy a safer experience while also promoting overall accident awareness.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Deceleration is sometimes measured in \(g\) 's or multiples of the standard acceleration of gravity. Determine the force, in newtons, that an automobile passenger whose mass is \(68 \mathrm{~kg}\) experiences if the deceleration in a head-on crash is \(50 \mathrm{~g}\).

The unexpected or unintentional energization or start-up of machinery, or the release of stored energy, during servicing or maintenance of the machine can result in employee injury or death. Review the regulation 29 CFR \(1910.147\) entitled The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout) at http://www.osha.gov and write a paragraph explaining the procedure of lockout/tagout for machines or equipment.

The Segway two-wheeled, self-balancing electric vehicle invented by Dean Kamen and used for short-distance personal transportation reportedly travels at \(12.5 \mathrm{mph}\). The vehicle is controlled and powered with computers and electric motors. Lean forward, you move forward. Lean back and you go backward. Lean the handlebars to the left or right and you turn in that direction-see www.youtube.com for a video. When you need to brake, the motor acts as a dynamometer. Review several articles written about the Segway and address the following statements that appeared recently, written by Jordan Golson, a technology and automotive reporter based in Durango, Colorado. Email: jlgolson@gmail.com Twitter: @jlgolson. Golson states that the Segway "has found a measure of success in industrial and fleet applications where employees are on their feet or moving around a lot." But he also states that "as a personal transporter, the Segway was a near complete failure" and he also says that "for a device that was said to have cost more than \(\$ 100\) million in research and development, it's impossible to call the Segway anything but a dud." Review several articles written about the Segway, list the articles you reviewed, and discuss (pro and con) the statements written by Jordan Golson.

Risk has been defined as the severity of the outcome of a hazard-related event times the probability that the event could occur. Several publications include the concepts of residual risk and acceptable or tolerable risk. Review the literature including technical report ANSI B11.TR3-2000 and write a report (that includes three references) on the concept of tolerable risk and risk reduction. In this report, provide definitions for hazard, probability, residual risk, risk, safety, severity, and tolerable risk.

An incident occurred at the residence of an older man wherein he was injured when he reportedly applied sandpaper to a rotating drive belt while attempting to repair an exercise treadmill. The incident treadmill was powered by a 2-hp DC motor, and was being "operated" by the man while he was attempting to repair the machine by applying sandpaper to the motor drive V-belt at the time of the accident. Indeed, he decided to remove the treadmill motor guard so he could better access the underside of the treadbelt. He noticed that the motor drive belt had a "sheen." He then took a roll of sandpaper, started the 2-hp electric motor, and attempted to apply-in the area of an in-running nip point-the sandpaper to the drive belt to remove the "sheen" while the treadmill motor and tread belt was powered and running. His middle finger on his right hand was reportedly drawn with the sandpaper into the motor belt and rotating drive pulley. He sustained injury to his finger as a result of the accident. From your viewpoint, address the issue of whether the incident treadmill was reasonably safe. Also, list possible causes of the accident.
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