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Chapter 1: Problem 12

The unexpected or unintentional energization or start up of machinery, or the release of stored energy, during servicing or maintenance of the machine can result in employee injury or death. Review the regulation 29 CFR \(1910.147\) entitled The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout) at http://www.osha.gov and write a paragraph explaining the procedure of lockout/tagout for machines or equipment.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The lockout/tagout procedure, according to the Regulation 29 CFR \(1910.147\), is to prevent the accidental startup or release of stored energy within equipment whilst maintenance is ongoing. Prior to maintenance, authorized employees must disable machinery. This is done by isolating the energy source(s), applying a lockout or tagout device, releasing stored energy if applicable, and verifying the effectiveness of the procedure. The precise process may vary depending on the specifics of the machinery and the nature of its energy source(s).

Step by step solution

01

Research

Visit the OSHA website by clicking on the provided link. Navigate to the regulation 29 CFR \(1910.147\), which deals with The Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout/tagout). Read through it carefully, making sure to comprehend the lockout/tagout procedures detailed in the regulation.
02

Identify Key Aspects

Recognize the fundamental aspects of the lockout/tagout procedure. These may include facets such as the purpose, application, general procedure, additional requirements, and exceptions for the lockout/tagout process.
03

Write the Paragraph

Begin composing the paragraph. Configure the details in an orderly and coherent manner, starting with the purpose of the lockout/tagout procedure, and subsequently explaining how it's carried out and under what circumstances. It's important to relay this information effectively, in a way that would be comprehensible to a layperson.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding 29 CFR 1910.147 Regulation
The 29 CFR 1910.147 regulation is a critical safety standard administered by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Its main objective is to safeguard employees from the unexpected energization or start-up of machinery and equipment, or the discharge of hazardous energy during service or maintenance activities.

Under this regulation, 'lockout' refers to the placement of a lockout device on an energy-isolating mechanism, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed. 'Tagout' is the labeling process which often accompanies lockout, displaying a warning not to operate the machinery while maintenance is underway.

Collectively, lockout/tagout procedures prevent accidental or unauthorized activation of machinery, thereby averting potential injuries or fatalities. Compliance with this regulation is not just a legal requirement, but also a critical component of any workplace safety program.
Control of Hazardous Energy
Hazardous energy, such as electricity, hydraulic pressure, or pneumatic forces, poses significant risks when machines or equipment malfunction or are being serviced. The control of this energy is fundamental to workplace safety, and this is the essence of the lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures.

Effective control requires proper identification and shutdown of the machines, isolation of the energy source, a lockout or tagout of the control mechanism, and the elimination of residual or stored energy, often referred to as 'zero-energy state'. After these steps, maintenance can be safely performed, ensuring that machines are not restarted prematurely.

The unexpected release of hazardous energy can lead to grave consequences, making strict adherence to lockout/tagout protocols essential for the protection of maintenance and service personnel.
Machine Safety Maintenance
Machine safety maintenance is integral for ensuring a safe working environment and prolonging the lifespan of the equipment. Routine inspections, careful handling of equipment, and adherence to the manufacturer's maintenance guidelines are the bedrock of safely maintaining machines.

Implementing lockout/tagout procedures during maintenance is a core element of machine safety. It involves verifying isolation from energy sources, applying locks and tags, and validating that the machinery is inoperable before any service begins. This systematic process ensures that the hazard of unintended startup is eliminated.

Staff training, clear communication, and a culture that prioritizes safety over productivity are fundamental to successful machine safety maintenance. When workers understand and respect the importance of these protocols, the risk of accidents and equipment damage can be significantly minimized.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An accident occurred at a gym where a young woman was injured while exiting a hack squat machine after completing a set of lifts. The woman was operating the incident hack (slide) squat machine when the carriage fell on her leg. She had entered the machine, completed one set of reps, and then placed the handle latches down on the machine. She released the carriage weight from her legs and felt the weight being supported. She then stepped her left foot from the footplate to the floor inside the machine and stood up. Then the machine's carriage assembly fell on the rear of her leg (left calf). Her left leg was pinned under the carriage. She was trapped and had to have the carriage raised off her leg before she could move.

An incident occurred at the residence of an older man wherein he was injured when he reportedly applied sandpaper to a rotating drive belt while attempting to repair an exercise treadmill. The incident treadmill was powered by a 2 -hp DC motor, and was being "operated" by the man while he was attempting to repair the machine by applying sandpaper to the motor drive V-belt at the time of the accident. Indeed, he decided to remove the treadmill motor guard so he could better access the underside of the treadbelt. He noticed that the motor drive belt had a "sheen." He then took a roll of sandpaper, started the 2 -hp electric motor, and attempted to apply - in the area of an in-running nip point-the sandpaper to the drive belt to remove the "sheen" while the treadmill motor and tread belt was powered and running. His middle finger on his right hand was reportedly drawn with the sandpaper into the motor belt and rotating drive pulley. He sustained injury to his finger as a result of the accident. From your viewpoint, address the issue of whether the incident treadmill was reasonably safe. Also, list possible causes of the accident.

An incident occurred in which a cantilevered section of a walkway under demolition fell in a bagasse warehouse area at a sugar mill, resulting in the death of a worker positioned on top of the walkway. The incident walkway was constructed of two \(2.625\) in. by 10 in. steel C-channel main beams spaced three feet apart with metal floor grating welded to the top of the C-channel beams. The cantilevered walkway had welded-on hand rails and was approximately three \(\mathrm{ft}\) in width, \(11 \mathrm{ft}\) in length and located at a height of \(40 \mathrm{ft}\) from ground level. This section weighed more than \(800 \mathrm{lbs}\). The worker was positioned on the cantilevered portion of the walkway cutting through the floor grating of the walkway when the cantilevered walkway section unexpectedly gave way and fell to the area below. The demolition of the walkway left one section of the walkway cantilevered and supported by the metal floor grating and by an undersized weld. Demolition proceeded without an engineering study of the structural integrity of the bagasse walkway as well as an adequate plan for demolition. A proper engineering study of the structural integrity of the bagasse warehouse walkway as well as an adequate demolition plan in reasonable engineering probability would have prevented the accident. Search the OSHA regulation at http://www.osha.gov and review the sections 29 CFR 1926.501(a)(2) and 29 CFR 1926.850(a). Write a paragraph relating each section to the above incident and describe how following the regulations would have reduced the risk to employees.

An electric motor draws a current of 10 amperes (A) with a voltage of \(110 \mathrm{~V}\). The output shaft develops a torque of \(9.5 \mathrm{~N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\) and a rotational speed of \(1000 \mathrm{rpm}\). All operating data are constant with time. Determine (a) the electric power required by the motor and the power developed by the output shaft, each in kilowatts; (b) the net power input to the motor, in kilowatts; (c) the amount of energy transferred to the motor by electrical work and the amount of energy transferred out of the motor by the shaft in \(\mathrm{kW} \cdot \mathrm{h}\) and Btu, during \(2 \mathrm{~h}\) of operation.

Develop an equation for the power required, in hp, for a vehicle traveling on a level road to overcome (a) the aerodynamic drag force of the surrounding air on the vehicle and (b) the rolling resistance force on the tires. The drag force, \(F_{d}\), imposed on a vehicle by the surrounding air is given by $$ F_{d}=C_{d} A \frac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} $$ where \(C_{d}\) is a constant for the vehicle called the drag coefficient, \(A\) is the projected frontal area of the vehicle, \(\rho\) is the air density and \(V\) is the velocity of the vehicle. The rolling resistance of the tires, \(F_{r}\), opposing the motion of a vehicle is given by $$ F_{r}=f \mathrm{~W} $$ where \(f\) is a constant called the rolling resistance coefficient and \(W\) is the vehicle weight. What is the equation for the power required in \(\mathrm{kW}\) ?
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