/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 117 A motor draws electric power \(P... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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A motor draws electric power \(P_{\text {elec }}\) from a supply line and delivers mechanical power \(P_{\text {mech }}\) to a pump through a rotating copper shaft of thermal conductivity \(k_{s}\), length \(L\), and diameter \(D\). The motor is mounted on a square pad of width \(W\), thickness \(t\), and thermal conductivity \(k_{p}\). The surface of the housing exposed to ambient air at \(T_{\infty}\) is of area \(A_{h}\), and the corresponding convection coefficient is \(h_{h}\). Opposite ends of the shaft are at temperatures of \(T_{h}\) and \(T_{\infty}\), and heat transfer from the shaft to the ambient air is characterized by the convection coefficient \(h_{s}\). The base of the pad is at \(T_{\infty}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
The expressions for electric power \(P_{\text{elec}}\) and mechanical power \(P_{\text{mech}}\) in terms of the given parameters are: \(P_{\text{elec}} = h_{h} \cdot A_{h} \cdot (T_{h} - T_{\infty}) + h_{s} \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (-\Delta T_{sh}) - k_p \cdot \frac{W^2}{t} \cdot \Delta T_{ph}\) \(P_{\text{mech}} = P_{\text{elec}} - h_{h} \cdot A_{h} \cdot (T_{h} - T_{\infty}) - h_{s} \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (-\Delta T_{sh}) + k_p \cdot \frac{W^2}{t} \cdot \Delta T_{ph}\)

Step by step solution

01

Calculate heat transfer from motor housing

We know that heat transfer through convection is given as \(Q = h \cdot A \cdot \Delta T\). In this case, the convection on the motor housing is given by \(Q_{h} = h_{h} \cdot A_{h} \cdot (T_{h} - T_{\infty})\).
02

Calculate heat transfer from the rotating shaft

Heat transfer from the rotating shaft to the ambient air by convection is given by: \(Q_{s} = h_{s} \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (-\Delta T_{sh})\) where \(\Delta T_{sh} = T_{h} - T_{\infty}\).
03

Calculate heat transfer through the pad

The heat transfer through the pad is given by conduction, and can be calculated as \(Q_{p} = -k_p \cdot \frac{W^2}{t} \cdot \Delta T_{ph}\), where \(\Delta T_{ph} = T_{h} - T_{\infty}\).
04

Write the energy balance equation

The energy balance equation can be written as: \(P_{\text{elec}} = Q_{h} + Q_{s} + Q_{p} + P_{\text{mech}}\), because the electric power is producing heat as well as delivering mechanical power to the pump.
05

Calculate \(P_{\text{elec}}\) and \(P_{\text{mech}}\)

Plugging the values of \(Q_h\), \(Q_s\) and \(Q_p\) into the energy balance equation from Step 4, we can solve for \(P_{\text{elec}}\) and \(P_{\text{mech}}\): \(P_{\text{elec}} = h_{h} \cdot A_{h} \cdot (T_{h} - T_{\infty}) + h_{s} \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (-\Delta T_{sh}) - k_p \cdot \frac{W^2}{t} \cdot \Delta T_{ph} + P_{\text{mech}}\) Now, we have the expression for the electric and mechanical power: \(P_{\text{elec}} = h_{h} \cdot A_{h} \cdot (T_{h} - T_{\infty}) + h_{s} \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (-\Delta T_{sh}) - k_p \cdot \frac{W^2}{t} \cdot \Delta T_{ph}\) \(P_{\text{mech}} = P_{\text{elec}} - h_{h} \cdot A_{h} \cdot (T_{h} - T_{\infty}) - h_{s} \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (-\Delta T_{sh}) + k_p \cdot \frac{W^2}{t} \cdot \Delta T_{ph}\) These are the expressions for electric power \(P_{\text{elec}}\) and mechanical power \(P_{\text{mech}}\) in terms of the given parameters.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Heat Transfer
Heat transfer refers to the movement of thermal energy from one object to another due to a difference in temperature. There are three main modes of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. In the context of the exercise, the most relevant forms are conduction and convection.
  • **Conduction:** This occurs within solid materials when heat energy moves from high-temperature areas to low-temperature ones. In the exercise, heat conduction takes place through the pad which acts as a thermal bridge between the motor and the external environment.
  • **Convection:** This involves the transfer of heat by the physical movement of fluid (such as air or water). The exercise accounts for convection on the surface of the motor housing, where the air absorbs heat from the motor.
Understanding how these mechanisms work is crucial in analyzing and optimizing systems for heat dissipation.
Convection
Convection is a process by which heat is transferred by mass motion of fluid (such as air or liquid) when the heated fluid moves away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it. It is especially important when dealing with systems where fluids play a role in heat distribution.In the given exercise, you can see convection in action:
  • The heat transfer from the motor housing to the surroundings is powered by convection, quantified by the formula: \[ Q_h = h_h \cdot A_h \cdot (T_h - T_{\infty}) \]where \( h_h \) is the convection coefficient specific to the motor housing, \( A_h \) is the surface area, and \( T_h - T_{\infty} \) is the temperature difference.
  • Additionally, there is convection from the rotating shaft to the ambient air, governed by\[ Q_s = h_s \cdot \pi \cdot D \cdot L \cdot (T_h - T_{\infty}) \]Here, \( h_s \) is the convection coefficient for the shaft, \( D \) its diameter, and \( L \) its length.
These equations show how convection can vary widely based on the system’s components.
Energy Balance
Energy balance is a critical concept in thermal analysis that involves accounting for all energy inputs and outputs in a system, ensuring that energy is neither created nor destroyed. In the exercise, the energy balance equation is applied to find out how the electrical energy input is distributed within the motor-pump system:The energy balance for the system is given by:\[ P_{\text{elec}} = Q_h + Q_s + Q_p + P_{\text{mech}} \]
  • **Electrical Power \( P_{\text{elec}} \):** The total energy drawn from the supply line.
  • **Heat losses \( Q_h, Q_s, Q_p \):** These are the different ways energy leaves the system, through the housing, shaft, and pad respectively.
  • **Mechanical Power \( P_{\text{mech}} \):** The useful energy that is delivered to the pump, doing the desired mechanical work.
By balancing these components, engineers can calculate inefficiencies and make necessary adjustments to improve system performance.
Mechanical Power
Mechanical power is the power that is converted into mechanical energy from electrical energy. This energy is then used to perform work, such as driving a pump. In the exercise, mechanical power \( P_{\text{mech}} \) is what remains from the electrical power input after accounting for all the heat losses. This means it is closely tied to how efficiently the motor operates. The equation given in the exercise helps separate useful power from losses through the system:\[ P_{\text{mech}} = P_{\text{elec}} - (Q_h + Q_s + Q_p) \]
  • It gives insight into how much of the input energy is effectively utilized for the intended purpose.
  • Understanding mechanical power can help determine the necessary power rating for the motor to ensure it meets operational demands.
This distinction between electrical and mechanical power is vital for preventing overload and ensuring energy is wisely managed.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A one-dimensional plane wall of thickness \(L\) is constructed of a solid material with a linear, nonuniform porosity distribution described by \(\varepsilon(x)=\varepsilon_{\max }(x / L)\). Plot the steady-state temperature distribution, \(T(x)\), for \(k_{s}=10 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}, \quad k_{f}=0.1 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m} \cdot \mathrm{K}, L=1 \mathrm{~m}, \quad \varepsilon_{\max }=\) \(0.25, T(x=0)=30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(q_{x}^{\prime \prime}=100 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) using the expression for the minimum effective thermal conductivity of a porous medium, the expression for the maximum effective thermal conductivity of a porous medium, Maxwell's expression, and for the case where \(k_{\mathrm{efl}}(x)=k_{s}\).

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