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Chapter 16: Problem 8

Glass and fiberglass are made from the same material, yet have dramatically different thermal conductivities. Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Glass and fiberglass have different thermal conductivities because of the differences in their structures. The closely packed structure of glass facilitates the movement of heat carriers, leading to higher thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, the woven structure of fiberglass creates air pockets, which interrupt the heat transfer, resulting in lower thermal conductivity.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Thermal Conductivity

Thermal conductivity is the property of a material to conduct heat. It depends not only on the composition of the material but also on its structure. More specifically the way atoms, electrons or phonons, which are the main heat carriers, move in a material determines its thermal conductivity.
02

Examining the Structure of Glass and Fiberglass

Glass is a stiff, rigid material with a uniform, closely packed atomic structure. This closely packed structure facilitates the movement of heat carriers across the material leading to high thermal conductivity. On the other hand, fiberglass is made by weaving fine strands of glass into an insulating material. The resulting woven structure creates pockets of air or trapped gas that interrupt the pathway of heat carriers, hence reducing thermal conductivity.
03

Conclusion

So, even though glass and fiberglass are made from the same material, the difference in their thermal conductivities can be attributed to the difference in their structures. The closely packed structure of glass leads to higher thermal conductivity, while the woven structure of fiberglass with trapped air pockets leads to lower thermal conductivity.

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