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Chapter 9: Problem 12

A pitched baseball moves no faster than the pitcher's hand. But a batted ball can move much faster than the bat. What's the difference?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The difference is in the mechanism of transfer. While pitching involves transfer of momentum, where the ball's speed can't exceed the pitcher's hand, batting involves application of force over time, enabling the ball to potentially move faster than the bat.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Momentum

Momentum is the product of an object's mass and its velocity. When the pitcher throws the ball, they are transferring their arm's momentum to the ball. Therefore, the speed of the ball can't exceed the speed of their hand because of the conservation of momentum.
02

Understanding Applied Force

The speed of a swung bat is transferred to the ball in a different way. The bat applies a force on the ball when they collide. This force, acting over the small amount of time during which the bat is in contact with the ball, results in a change in the ball's momentum according to the principle of impulse, which is the product of force and time.
03

Summarizing the Difference

The difference lies in the fact that a pitcher transfers momentum to the ball (limiting the ball's speed to the pitcher's hand), whereas a batter applies a force over time to the ball (potentially accelerating the ball beyond the bat's speed). The fundamental difference is between direct momentum transfer (pitching) and applied force over time (batting).

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