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Chapter 4: Problem 1

Distinguish the Aristotelian and Galilean/Newtonian views of the natural state of motion.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The Aristotelian view of the natural state of motion is that objects have a natural place, and they will stop moving once they reach this place unless a force is continuously applied to them, implying a 'natural state of rest'. In contrast, the Galilean/Newtonian view, as outlined in Newton's first law of motion, is that objects stay in motion unless an external force is applied, indicating a 'natural state of motion'.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Aristotelian View

According to Aristotle, there is a natural place for everything in the universe. Objects try to reach their natural place. For example, stones fall towards the earth because their natural place is on the ground. If no force is applied to an object, it would stop moving and settle at its natural place.
02

Understanding the Galilean/Newtonian View

Galileo and Newton, on the other hand, proposed that objects continue to move unless a force is applied to stop them. This is known as inertia, and is the first of Newton's three laws of motion. In this context, an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.
03

Contrast Both Views

Essentially, Aristotle believed in a 'natural state of rest' while the Galileo/Newton camp posits a 'natural state of motion'. Aristotle believed that continuous application of force is required to keep an object in motion, while according to Galileo and Newton, an object in motion stays in motion with the same velocity unless acted upon by external force.

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