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Chapter 39: Problem 29
The Eightfold Way led Gell-Mann to predict a baryon with strangeness \(-3 .\) Determine this particle's quark composition.
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Explain how particle accelerators can help us understand the early universe.
A galaxy's hydrogen- \(\beta\) spectral line, normally at \(486.1 \mathrm{nm},\) appears at \(495.4 \mathrm{nm}\). (a) Use the Doppler shift of Chapter 14 to find the galaxy's recession speed, and (b) infer the distance to the galaxy. Is it appropriate to use Chapter 14 's nonrelativistic Doppler formulas in this case?
Pions are the lightest mesons, with mass some 270 times that of the electron. Charged pions decay typically into a muon and a neutrino or antineutrino. This makes pion beams useful for producing beams of neutrinos, which physicists use to study those elusive particles. In a medical application during the late 20 th century, accelerator centers installed "biomedical beam lines" to test pions for cancer therapy. In these experiments, pions attached themselves to atomic nuclei within cancer cells. The nuclei would literally explode, delivering a "pion star" of cancer-killing nuclear debris. Unfortunately, results were not as encouraging as hoped, and enthusiasm for this technique has waned. The negative pion usually decays into a negative muon and one other particle. The other particle could be a. a proton. b. an antineutrino. c. a neutrino. d. an up quark.
What data provide the most robust confirmation of cosmological theory as well as the most precise values for cosmological parameters?
How are baryons fundamentally different from leptons?
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