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Chapter 27: Problem 3

Fluctuations in Earth's magnetic field due to changing solar activity can wreak havoc with communications, even those using underground cables. How is this possible?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field due to changing solar activity can impact communications, including using underground cables, due to the phenomenon called geomagnetically induced currents. These are unwanted currents in conductive systems caused by the changes in Earth鈥檚 magnetic field. It can interfere with transmissions and potentially cause physical damage to the cables.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Earth's Magnetic Field

Earth's magnetic field also known as the geomagnetic field, is a magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior to where it meets the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun. This magnetic field protects the Earth by deflecting most of the solar wind, whose charged particles would otherwise strip away the ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
02

Understanding the Effects of Solar Activity

Solar activity can severely affect the Earth's magnetic field. The magnetic fields of the sun distort and twist as the Earth rotates on its axis. When these distortions are twisted enough, solar flares are formed, which are the sudden flash of increased brightness and are often, but not always, followed by a colossal solar magnetic storm, known as a coronal mass ejection (CME). This CME is a massive burst of solar wind, other light isotope plasma, and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space.
03

Impact on Communication Systems

Solar activity fluctuations can cause changes in Earth's magnetic field. This can have a significant effect on all forms of communication, most notably those utilising cables. This is because these fluctuations can induce currents (a phenomena also known as geomagnetically induced currents) in long conductive systems like power lines and even subterranean cables. These unwanted currents can cause several problems in communication transmissions, and in worst case scenarios, can even cause physical damage to the infrastructure.

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