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Chapter 26: Problem 14

An unmagnetized piece of iron has no net magnetic dipole moment, yet it's attracted to either pole of a bar magnet. Why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
An unmagnetized piece of iron is attracted to either pole of a bar magnet because when the iron is exposed to a magnetic field, the magnetic domains within the iron align with the external field, creating a net magnetic field in the iron. This makes the iron behave like a magnet, and so it's attracted to the permanent magnet.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the nature of an unmagnetized material

In an unmagnetized piece of iron, the tiny magnetic fields of the atoms are randomly oriented, so their effects cancel each other out, resulting in a zero net magnetic field.
02

Understand the interaction of a magnet with an unmagnetized material

When an external magnetic field, like that from a bar magnet, is applied to the iron, the magnetic domains within the iron tend to align themselves with the external field. This is because the magnetic field exerts a torque on the domains, causing them to rotate into alignment with the field.
03

Explain the attraction of the iron to the magnet

The process of the magnetic domains aligning creates a net magnetic field in the iron. This causes the iron to behave like a temporary magnet, and it's attracted to the permanent magnet, regardless of the pole. Therefore, even if the piece of iron is unmagnetized, it's attracted to either pole of a bar magnet.

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