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Chapter 24: Problem 9

The resistance of a metal increases with increasing temperature, while the resistance of a semiconductor decreases. Why the difference?

Short Answer

Expert verified
In metals, increased temperature results in more collisions between electrons and atoms, which increases resistance. In semiconductors, increased temperature creates more charge carriers, which provide more paths for current, thus decreasing resistance.

Step by step solution

01

Explaining Resistance Changing in Metal

In metals, the charges are carried by electrons in the 'electron sea', which are constantly in motion. When the temperature is increased, the atoms of the metal vibrate more. This increased vibration causes more collisions between the electrons and atoms, which increases the resistance.
02

Explaining Resistance Changing in Semiconductor

In semiconductors, the charge carriers (electrons and holes) come from thermal excitation. As temperature increases, the number of charge carriers also increases due to more excitation. Furthermore, the increased number of charge carriers (due to increased thermal energy) reduces the resistance as they provide more paths for current to flow.
03

Contrasting the Behaviors

Hence, there is a contrast in behaviors because in metals, thermal excitation only increases resistance due to increased collisions. However, in semiconductors, increased thermal excitation creates more charge carriers, which reduces resistance.

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