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Chapter 20: Problem 7

Why does a dipole, which has no net charge, produce an electric field?

Short Answer

Expert verified
A dipole, despite possessing no net charge due to the presence of equal and opposite charges, still produces an electric field because its charges are separate and discrete. These cause the creation and manifestation of an electric field that runs from the positive to the negative charge.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding a Dipole

A dipole consists of two equal but opposite charges generally termed as positive and negative charges. Even though when taken together these charges cancel out each other giving the dipole no net charge, they are nonetheless discrete and separated by a certain distance.
02

Illustrating Charge Distribution

Let's imagine a dipole with a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other. Electric field is a vector quantity, it not only has magnitude but also a direction. The direction of electric field is always from the positive charge towards the negative charge.
03

Evaluating the Electric Field

Due to this charge distribution and directionality of the electric field, the effects of the individual charges don't quite annul one another, rather they combine vectorially. As a result, one end of the dipole behaves as though it's charged positively and the other end negatively thus creating an electric field.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Equation 20.3 gives the electric field of a point charge. Does the direction of (a) \(\hat{r}\) or (b) \(\vec{E}\) depend on whether the charge is positive or negative?

A free neutron is unstable and soon decays to other particles, one of them a proton. Must there be others? If so, what electric properties must it or they have?

A rod of length \(2 L\) lies on the \(x\) -axis, centered at the origin, and carries line charge density \(\lambda=\lambda_{0}(x / L),\) where \(\lambda_{0}\) is a constant. (a) Find an expression for the electric field strength at points on the \(x\) -axis for \(x>L\). (b) Show that for \(x \gg L\) your result has the \(1 / x^{3}\) dependence of a dipole field, and determine the dipole moment of the rod.

A proton moving to the right at \(3.8 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\) enters a region where a \(56-\mathrm{kN} / \mathrm{C}\) electric field points to the left. (a) How far will the proton get before it momentarily stops? (b) Describe its subsequent motion.

A thin rod extends along the \(x\) -axis from \(x=0\) to \(x=L\) and carries line charge density \(\lambda=\lambda_{0}(x / L)^{2},\) where \(\lambda_{0}\) is a constant. Find the electric field at \(x=-L\)
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