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Chapter 17: Problem 13

How is it possible to have boiling water at a temperature other than \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
Yes, it is possible to have boiling water at a temperature other than \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Following Amontons' law, the boiling point of water changes with pressure. At higher altitudes, where the pressure is lower, water boils at less than \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Under higher pressure conditions, like in a pressure cooker, water can boil at over \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Additionally, the presence of impurities can also raise the boiling point of water.

Step by step solution

01

Boiling Point Definition

Understand the definition of boiling point. It is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the pressure of the surroundings (usually atmospheric pressure). It's the point at which the liquid starts to convert into gas. This is true for any liquid, not just water.
02

Pressure-Boiling Point Relationship

Know that the boiling point of a liquid (including water) varies with the pressure of the surroundings. This is based on a physical principle known as Amontons' law. At higher altitudes, where the atmosphere is thinner and atmospheric pressure is lower, water boils at a temperature lower than \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Conversely, in a pressure cooker, where the pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure, water boils at a temperature higher than \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). This is also true in underwater conditions, for example, deep sea diving.
03

Impurities and Boiling Point

Understand that impurities in water (or another solvent) can cause boiling point elevation. Dissolved substances in water, whether solids or gases, can raise the boiling point by disrupting the equilibrium between the liquid and gas phases.

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