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Chapter 6: Problem 8

For the following systems, identify the major components: a. a household refrigerator b. a computer c. the human body d. a building e. a hot water heater f. a toaster g. an airplane

Short Answer

Expert verified
The major components of the seven systems are - a household refrigerator includes components like compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. A computer is made up of elements like CPU, RAM, hard drive, motherboard, power supply, video card and monitor. In the human body, we have systems like the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, nervous, muscular and skeletal. A building includes elements like foundation, walls, roof, doors and windows, plumbing, electrical and HVAC systems. A hot water heater's major components include the tank, dip tube, shut-off valve, heat-out pipe, thermostat, heating mechanism, drain valve and pressure relief valve. A toaster incorporates bread slots, heating elements, timing circuit, carriage, lever, and crumb tray. Lastly, an airplane is mainly made-up of wings, fuselage, engines, landing gear, and tail section.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Components of a Household Refrigerator

The major components include the compressor, condenser, expansion valve or metering device, and evaporator.
02

Identifying Components of a Computer

The main components include the Central Processing Unit (CPU), Random Access Memory (RAM), hard drive, motherboard, power supply, video card and monitor.
03

Identifying Components of the Human Body

The primary components include the circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, muscular system, and skeletal system.
04

Identifying Components of a Building

The main components include the foundation, walls, roof, doors and windows, plumbing system, electrical system, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system.
05

Identifying Components of a Hot Water Heater

The main elements include the tank, dip tube, shut-off valve, heat-out pipe, thermostat, heating mechanism, drain valve and pressure relief valve.
06

Identifying Components of a Toaster

The significant components include the bread slots, heating elements, timing circuit, carriage, lever, and crumb tray.
07

Identifying Components of an Airplane

The main components incorporate the wings, fuselage, engines, landing gear, and tail section.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Refrigerator Components
Refrigerators are crucial appliances for preserving food by maintaining a cool environment. Let's explore their key components:

1. **Compressor:** This central part pumps refrigerant through the system, creating a cooling cycle.
2. **Condenser:** Here, the refrigerant releases heat and turns from gas to liquid.
3. **Expansion Valve:** This component reduces the pressure of the refrigerant, allowing it to expand and cool.
4. **Evaporator:** The refrigerant absorbs heat inside the fridge, providing a cooling effect.

All these components work together in a cycle of compression and expansion to keep your food fresh.
Computer Components
Computers are powerful machines, essential for modern life. They consist of several key components:

- **Central Processing Unit (CPU):** Often referred to as the brain of the computer, it executes instructions.
- **Random Access Memory (RAM):** Temporary storage that helps in quick data access.
- **Hard Drive:** This is the main storage area for data and applications.
- **Motherboard:** The primary circuit board connecting all components.
- **Power Supply:** Converts electricity from the outlet into usable power for the computer.
- **Video Card:** Responsible for rendering images on the monitor.
- **Monitor:** The display screen that outputs visual information.

Each part collaborates to ensure the computer runs efficiently, handling various tasks.
Human Body Systems
The human body is an intricate network of systems working in harmony. Here's an overview of the primary systems:

- **Circulatory System:** Circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to cells.
- **Respiratory System:** Allows us to breathe, exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- **Digestive System:** Breaks down food to absorb nutrients and expel waste.
- **Nervous System:** Coordinates bodily functions by transmitting signals between different body parts.
- **Muscular System:** Facilitates movement and maintains posture.
- **Skeletal System:** Supports and shapes the body while also protecting organs.

These systems are interdependent, each playing vital roles in maintaining health and functionality.
Building Components
Buildings are complex structures, serving as shelters or workplaces, made up of multiple components:

- **Foundation:** The base that supports the entire building.
- **Walls:** Vertical structures that form rooms and enclosures.
- **Roof:** Offers protection from weather elements.
- **Doors and Windows:** Provide access and light, respectively.
- **Plumbing System:** Delivers water supply and drainage.
- **Electrical System:** Supplies power to building fixtures and appliances.
- **HVAC System:** Maintains indoor comfort through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

These elements together ensure a building is safe, functional, and comfortable for occupants.
Hot Water Heater Components
Hot water heaters play a vital role in providing hot water for domestic use. Important components include:

1. **Tank:** Stores water for heating.
2. **Dip Tube:** Directs cold water to the bottom of the tank.
3. **Shut-off Valve:** Controls water flow into the tank.
4. **Heat-out Pipe:** Delivers hot water to your system.
5. **Thermostat:** Regulates water temperature.
6. **Heating Mechanism:** Actual heater, which can be electric or gas.
7. **Drain Valve:** Allows removal of sediment buildup.
8. **Pressure Relief Valve:** Ensures the tank doesn't over-pressurize or overheat.

These components ensure safe and efficient hot water delivery throughout a home.
Toaster Components
Toasters are simple yet indispensable kitchen appliances used to brown bread slices. They comprise: - **Bread Slots:** Where you place the bread slices. - **Heating Elements:** Conduct heat to brown the bread. - **Timing Circuit:** Governs toasting time, ensuring consistent results. - **Carriage and Lever:** Mechanism for lowering and raising bread into the toaster. - **Crumb Tray:** Collects breadcrumbs for easy cleaning. By working together, these parts help create perfectly toasted bread effortlessly.
Airplane Components
Airplanes are sophisticated vehicles designed for air travel. Key components include: - **Wings:** Provide lift to keep the airplane in the air. - **Fuselage:** The main body holding passengers and cargo. - **Engines:** These power the aircraft, enabling it to fly. - **Landing Gear:** Used during takeoff and landing for ground support. - **Tail Section:** Provides stability and control during flight. These components are essential for safe and efficient airplane operation, enabling travel at high speeds over great distances.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Fins, or extended surfaces, commonly are used in a variety of engineering applications to enhance cooling. Common examples include a motorcycle engine head, a lawn mower engine head, heat sinks used in electronic equipment, and finned tube heat exchangers in room heating and cooling applications. For long fins, the temperature distribution along the fin is given by the exponential relationship: $$ A cross-sectional area of the fin (m2 ) k thermal conductivity of the fin material x distance from the base of the fin (m) What is the appropriate unit for k if the preceding equation is to be homogeneous in units? Show all steps of your work. T-T_{\text {ambient }}=\left(T_{\text {hase }}-T_{\text {ambient }}\right) e^{-m u x} $$ where $$ \begin{aligned} T &=\text { temperature }(\mathrm{K}) \\ m &=\sqrt{\frac{b p}{k A}} \\ b &=\text { the heat transfer coefficient }\left(\mathrm{W} / \mathrm{m}^{2} \cdot \mathrm{K}\right) \\ p &=\text { perimeter of the fin }(\mathrm{m}) \end{aligned} $$

Convert the atmospheric pressure in the given un requested units. Show all the conversion step \(14.7 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{in}^{2}\) to \(\mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{ft}^{2}\), (b) \(14.7 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{in}^{2}\) to \(\mathrm{Pa}\), (c) \(\mathrm{Ib}_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{in}^{2}\) to \(\mathrm{kPa}\), (d) \(14.7 \mathrm{lb}_{\mathrm{f}} / \mathrm{in}^{2}\) to bar \((1 \mathrm{bar}=100\)

Present the results of the following operations using the proper number of significant digits. \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline & Your Calculator Displays & Should Be Recorded As \\ \hline \(1.2856+10.1=\) & & \\ \hline \(155-0.521=\) & & \\ \hline \(155-0.52=\) & & \\ \hline \(1558 \times 12=\) & & \\ \hline \(3.585 \div 1.2=\) & & \\ \hline \end{tabular}

A model known as stopping sight distance is used by civil engineers to design roadways. This simple model estimates the distance a driver needs in order to stop his car while traveling at a certain speed after detecting a hazard. The model proposed by the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) is given by $$ S=\frac{V^{2}}{2 g(f \pm G)}+T V $$ where $$ \begin{aligned} S=& \text { stopping sight distance }(\mathrm{ft}) \\ V=& \text { initial speed (ft/s) } \\ g=& \text { acceleration due to gravity, } 32.2 \mathrm{ft} / \mathrm{s}^{2} \\\ f=& \text { coefficient of friction between tires and } \\ & \text { roadway } \\ G=& \text { grade of road } \\ T=& \text { driver reaction time }(s) \end{aligned} $$ What are the appropriate units for \(f\) and \(G\) if the preceding equation is to be homogeneous in units? Show all steps of your work.

A machine shop has a rectangular floor shape wit dimensions of \(30 \mathrm{ft}\) by \(50 \mathrm{ft}\). Express the area of the flo in \(\mathrm{ft}^{2}, \mathrm{~m}^{2}\), in \(^{2}\), and \(\mathrm{cm}^{2}\). Show the conversion steps.
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