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\(\bullet\) A petite young woman distributes her 500 \(\mathrm{N}\) weight equally over the heels of her high-heeled shoes. Each heel has an area of 0.750 \(\mathrm{cm}^{2} .\) (a) What pressure is exerted on the floor by each heel? (b) With the same pressure, how much weight could be supported by two flat- bottomed sandals, each of area 200 \(\mathrm{cm}^{2} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) 3,333,333.33 Pa; (b) 133,333.33 N.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Pressure

Pressure is defined as force per unit area. Mathematically, it is expressed as: \[ P = \frac{F}{A} \]where \( P \) is the pressure, \( F \) is the force (or weight), and \( A \) is the area over which the force is distributed.
02

Calculation of Pressure Exerted by Heels

First, convert the area of the heel from square centimeters to square meters to match the unit of force. 0.750 cm² is equivalent to \( 0.750 \times 10^{-4} \) m². Next, calculate the pressure exerted by each heel: \[ P = \frac{500 \text{ N}}{2 \times 0.750 \times 10^{-4} \text{ m}^2} = \frac{500}{0.00015} \]Compute the value to find \( P = 3,333,333.33 \text{ Pa} \).
03

Equate Pressure for the Flat-bottomed Sandals

To find the weight that could be supported by the sandals with each having an area of 200 cm², first convert the area to square meters as:\( 200 \text{ cm}^2 = 200 \times 10^{-4} \text{ m}^2 = 0.02 \text{ m}^2 \).The total area for two sandals is \( 2 \times 0.02 = 0.04 \text{ m}^2 \).
04

Solve for Total Weight Supported by Sandals

Given that the pressure is the same, \( P = 3,333,333.33 \text{ Pa} \), use the formula \( P = \frac{F}{A} \) to solve for \( F \):\[ F = P \times A = 3,333,333.33 \times 0.04 \text{ m}^2 \].Calculate the value to find \( F = 133,333.33 \text{ N} \).

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Force and Area Relationship
In the study of physics, force and area have a direct impact on the concept of pressure. Pressure is defined as the amount of force exerted per unit area. This means that, when the same force is applied over a smaller area, the pressure increases. Similarly, spreading the force over a larger area decreases the pressure.
\[\text{Pressure} = \frac{\text{Force}}{\text{Area}}\]
This relationship is crucial in understanding why certain shoes or footwear can cause more stress on the floor or ground. For example:
  • High heels concentrate a person's weight over a small heel area, causing higher pressure.
  • Flat shoes distribute the weight over a larger area, thereby reducing the pressure on the floor.
Understanding this relationship helps in solving problems related to pressure and also in practical applications, like designing shoes or tires for better weight distribution.
Unit Conversion in Physics
Unit conversion is an essential skill in solving physics problems because it ensures that all quantities are in compatible units. In the example problem, the area of the heels is initially given in square centimeters, while force is given in Newtons (N), which relates to square meters (m²) in the unit system for pressure (Pascals, Pa).
To convert from square centimeters to square meters, remember:
\[1 \text{ cm}^2 = 0.0001 \text{ m}^2\]
Applying this conversion factor is crucial for accurate calculation of pressure. When the area is converted correctly, the computed pressure remains consistent with the international system of units (SI units). All calculations, from the pressure of high heels to forces on flat sandals, depend on correct unit conversions. Always double-check your unit conversions to ensure consistency across all calculations.
Physics Problem Solving
Solving physics problems involves a systematic approach. Let's outline it using the given exercise as an example:
  • Identify the Given Data: Know what values you have, like the weight of 500 N and the heel area of 0.750 cm².
  • Understand the Concept: Comprehend the relationship between force, area, and pressure.
  • Convert Units: Convert areas from cm² to m² to match force units.
  • Use the Right Equations: Apply the pressure formula, \( P = \frac{F}{A} \), to find unknowns.
  • Check Dimensions and Units: Make sure all units correctly lead to the desired outcome, such as Pascals for pressure.
The key to physics problem-solving is breaking the problem into manageable parts and tackling each with the right method. This method ensures you solve problems efficiently and accurately.
Pressure in Physics
Pressure in physics is a measure of force distribution over an area. It is expressed in Pascals (Pa) in the SI system, where 1 Pascal equals 1 Newton per square meter. In practical terms, pressure tells us how force is spread over an area, influencing how surfaces interact.
For instance:
  • High pressure can wear out surfaces quickly, like high heels on a soft floor.
  • Low pressure is used in areas requiring less force per unit area, such as snowshoes on snow.
The calculation of pressure helps in designing everyday objects. In the exercises, knowing how much pressure can be applied without damaging a surface is vital. This fundamental concept of pressure allows us to predict and analyze the effect of forces in various fields, from engineering to medicine.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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