/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 60 To lift a wire ring of radius \(... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

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To lift a wire ring of radius \(1.75 \mathrm{~cm}\) from the surface of a container of blood plasma, a vertical force of \(1.61 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~N}\) greater than the weight of the ring is required. Calculate the surface tension of blood plasma from this information.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The surface tension of the blood plasma can be found by substituting the given parameters into the surface tension formula, and solving accordingly.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Required Formula

The formula to calculate the surface tension, denoted by \(\sigma\), when lifting a ring from the surface of a liquid is given as: \(\sigma = \frac{F}{2 \pi r}\), where \(F\) is the force required to lift the ring and \(r\) is the ring's radius.
02

Substitute Given Values

Insert the given values into the formula: \(F = 1.61 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{~N}\) and \(r = 1.75 \mathrm{~cm} = 0.0175 \mathrm{~m}\). So, the surface tension \(\sigma\) becomes: \(\sigma = \frac{1.61 \times 10^{-2}}{2 \pi \times 0.0175}\).
03

Calculate Surface Tension

Evaluate the expression to ascertain the value of the surface tension (\(\sigma\)). The solution should be done using an appropriate calculator and the final answer rounded off to the appropriate number of significant figures.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Surface Tension
One of the intriguing properties of liquids is surface tension. It's what allows certain insects to skim across a pond's surface or a paperclip to rest on water without sinking. Surface tension arises due to the cohesive forces between liquid molecules which are greater at the surface due to the imbalance of intermolecular forces—molecules at the surface experience a net inward pull, as there are no molecules above them.

The surface acts like an elastic membrane, and this tension is why you must apply a certain force to overcome and lift an object, like our wire ring, from a liquid's surface. Mathematically, this force directly relates to the surface tension of the liquid. In the exercise provided, by using the formula \[\begin{equation}\sigma = \frac{F}{2 \pi r}\end{equation}\]\ with the force applied and the radius of the wire, we can calculate the surface tension of blood plasma, which provides an essential indicator of its liquid property and potential medical insights.
Force and Motion in Physics
In physics, the study of force and motion is fundamental, and it is encapsulated by Isaac Newton's famous laws of motion. Force is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction, and can cause an object to change its velocity, in other words, to accelerate.

When you apply a force to lift an object like the wire ring from our exercise, you're working against various forces, including gravity and, as we've learned, surface tension. The quantity of force required gives us insight into the physical properties of the material showing how scientific principles can be applied to practical and experimental situations.
Liquid Surface Properties
Liquids have unique surface properties, one of which is surface tension, but there's also viscosity, which describes a fluid's resistance to flow. Each liquid's unique combination of surface tension and viscosity is determined by the intermolecular forces at play within the liquid.

Blood plasma, the focus of our exercise, has a particular surface tension that affects how blood droplets form and behave. This is relevant in medical diagnostics, where blood's rheological properties can be indicators of health. By calculating the surface tension, as we have in this exercise, we gain insights into these properties that can have significant implications for science and medicine.
Significant Figures in Physics Calculations
In physics, accuracy and precision are vital, and this is reflected in the usage of significant figures in calculations. They convey how precisely a number is known and hence how much confidence we can have in the outcome of a calculation.

In the context of our exercise, rounding off to the appropriate number of significant figures is crucial for the correct representation of our calculated surface tension. Calculations like these, especially in a scientific or medical setting, demand precision—careless rounding can render the result meaningless. Hence, attention to significant figures is a must for accuracy and integrity in scientific reporting.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A certain fluid has a density of \(1080 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}\) and is observed to rise to a height of \(2.1 \mathrm{~cm}\) in a \(1.0\)-mm-diameter tube. The contact angle between the wall and the fluid is zero. Calculate the surface tension of the fluid.

A hypodermic syringe contains a medicine with the density of water (Fig. P9.47). The barrel of the syringe has a cross-sectional area of \(2.50 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~m}^{2}\). In the absence of a force on the plunger, the pressure everywhere is \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\). A force \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}\) of magnitude \(2.00 \mathrm{~N}\) is exerted on the plunger, making medicine squirt from the needle. Determine the medicine's flow speed through the needle. Assume the pressure in the needle remains equal to \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\) and that the syringe is horizontal.

A high-speed lifting mechanism supports an \(800-\mathrm{kg}\) object with a steel cable that is \(25.0 \mathrm{~m}\) long and \(4.00 \mathrm{~cm}^{2}\) in cross-sectional area. (a) Determine the elongation of the cable. (b) By what additional amount does the cable increase in length if the object is accelerated upward at a rate of \(3.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2} ?\) (c) What is the greatest mass that can be accelerated upward at \(3.0 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\) if the stress in the cable is not to exceed the elastic limit of the cable, which is \(2.2 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~Pa}\) ?

What radius needle should be used to inject a volume of \(500 \mathrm{~cm}^{3}\) of a solution into a patient in \(30 \mathrm{~min}\) ? Assume the length of the needle is \(2.5 \mathrm{~cm}\) and the solution is elevated \(1.0 \mathrm{~m}\) above the point of injection. Further, assume the viscosity and density of the solution are those of pure water, and that the pressure inside the vein is atmospheric.

In a water pistol, a piston drives water through a larger tube of radius \(1.00 \mathrm{~cm}\) into a smaller tube of radius \(1.00 \mathrm{~mm}\) as in Figure \(\mathrm{P} 9.51\). (a) If the pistol is fired horizontally at a height of \(1.50 \mathrm{~m}\), use ballistics to determine the time it takes water to travel from the nozzle to the ground. (Neglect air resistance and assume atmospheric pressure is \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\).) (b) If the range of the stream is to be \(8.00 \mathrm{~m}\), with what speed must the stream leave the nozzle? (c) Given the areas of the nozzle and cylinder, use the equation of continuity to calculate the speed at which the plunger must be moved. (d) What is the pressure at the nozzle? (e) Use Bernoulli's equation to find the pressure needed in the larger cylinder. Can gravity terms be neglected? (f) Calculate the force that must be exerted on the trigger to achieve the desired range. (The force that must be exerted is due to pressure over and above atmospheric pressure.)

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