In a water pistol, a piston drives water through a larger tube of radius \(1.00
\mathrm{~cm}\) into a smaller tube of radius \(1.00 \mathrm{~mm}\) as in Figure
\(\mathrm{P} 9.51\). (a) If the pistol is fired horizontally at a height of
\(1.50 \mathrm{~m}\), use ballistics to determine the time it takes water to
travel from the nozzle to the ground. (Neglect air resistance and assume
atmospheric pressure is \(1.00 \mathrm{~atm}\).) (b) If the range of the stream
is to be \(8.00 \mathrm{~m}\), with what speed must the stream leave the nozzle?
(c) Given the areas of the nozzle and cylinder, use the equation of continuity
to calculate the speed at which the plunger must be moved. (d) What is the
pressure at the nozzle? (e) Use Bernoulli's equation to find the pressure
needed in the larger cylinder. Can gravity terms be neglected? (f) Calculate
the force that must be exerted on the trigger to achieve the desired range.
(The force that must be exerted is due to pressure over and above atmospheric
pressure.)