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Two resistors, one having a resistance of \(900 \mathrm{k} \Omega\), are connected in series to produce a total resistance of \(0.500 \mathrm{M} \Omega\). (a) What is the value of the second resistance? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The value of the second resistance would have to be -400 kΩ, which is unreasonable as resistance cannot be negative. The assumption that two resistors in series can produce a total resistance less than either resistor is inconsistent with the properties of resistors.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Series Resistors

When resistors are connected in series, the total resistance is simply the sum of the individual resistances. The formula for the total resistance (R_total) of two resistors (R1 and R2) in series is: R_total = R1 + R2.
02

Calculating the Second Resistance

We're given R1 as 900 kΩ and the total resistance as 0.500 MΩ, which is equivalent to 500 kΩ. To find the second resistance, R2, we use the formula: R2 = R_total - R1. Substitute the known resistances into the equation to get: R2 = 500 kΩ - 900 kΩ.
03

Subtraction to Determine R2

Perform the subtraction to find the value of R2: R2 = 500 kΩ - 900 kΩ = -400 kΩ. This result is the calculated value of the second resistance.
04

Analyzing the Results

The calculation gives us a negative resistance value, which is not physically possible because resistance cannot be negative. This indicates that there is something unreasonable about the result.
05

Identifying the Unreasonable Result

The unreasonable part of the result is that we have obtained a negative resistance (-400 kΩ), implying the need for a component that provides negative resistance to the circuit, which does not exist in realistic, passive components.
06

Assessing Unreasonable Assumptions

The assumption that results in an unreasonable outcome is that two resistors of given values can be connected in series to produce a total resistance that is less than either of the individual resistances. This can never be true for passive resistors connected in series.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Electrical Resistance
Understanding the intricacies of electrical resistance is fundamental to mastering the basics of electrical circuits. Imagine it as a measure of how much a particular material opposes the flow of electric current. The unit of resistance is the ohm (\r \textbf{Ohm's law}, and highlights the invaluable interplay between voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits. To internalize the law, remember that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the resistance between them. Formulated as:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R} \]
To decode this, consider that increasing the voltage will increase the current, assuming resistance remains fixed. Conversely, an increase in resistance, with constant voltage, results in a decrease of current. This relationship becomes critical when analyzing circuits, whether simple or complex. In the context of the given problem, Ohm's law sheds light on the fact that for the negative resistance calculation to make sense, the circuit's behavior would have to defy the conventional understanding that resistance is a non-negative property of physical materials.

Exercise Improvement Advice

Reflecting on the nature of series resistors and Ohm's law can eliminate the confusion in the exercise, as it identifies the conceptual error leading to the impossibility of a negative resistor value. In educational materials, it's fundamental to clarify that resistance values, in real-world situations, will always be positive to avoid the misconception that negative resistances can be part of a standard series circuit analysis.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

An automobile starter motor has an equivalent resistance of \(0.0500 \Omega\) and is supplied by a \(12.0-\mathrm{V}\) battery with a \(0.0100-\Omega\) internal resistance. (a) What is the current to the motor? (b) What voltage is applied to it? (c) What power is supplied to the motor? (d) Repeat these calculations for when the battery connections are corroded and add \(0.0900 \Omega\) to the circuit. (Significant problems are caused by even small amounts of unwanted resistance in low-voltage, high-current applications.)

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