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Chapter 31: Problem 3

Cathode rays are made up of electrons. Anode rays are made up of : (a) protons only (b) protons and positrons only (c) positive residue of atoms (d) all positive particles of atoms

Short Answer

Expert verified
Anode rays are made up of the positive residue of atoms (option c).

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Basics

Cathode rays are streams of electrons, which are negatively charged particles discovered by J.J. Thomson. This knowledge is fundamental as it helps us compare with what anode rays are.
02

Identifying Anode Rays

When we talk about anode rays, also known as positive rays or canal rays, it is important to understand that they are composed of positive ions. Anode rays were first detected in 1886 by Eugen Goldstein, who discovered them while experimenting with a CRT where the cathode had holes after the positive voltage applied at anode.
03

Understanding Positive Ions

Positive ions are created when atoms lose electrons. In anode ray experiments, these ions are usually the positive residue of atoms after the electrons have been emitted as cathode rays.
04

Analyzing the Options

Let's look at the options: (a) Protons only: Protons are positive particles but are not the only component of anode rays. (b) Protons and positrons only: Positrons are rarely out of context here as they do not constitute typical positive ions in classical anode ray experiments. (c) Positive residue of atoms: This refers to positive ions, which are common in anode rays. (d) All positive particles of atoms: This is a generic statement, but isn't as precise as option (c).
05

Conclusion

Based on the understanding of how anode rays are composed and the process by which they are generated, the option that best describes the composition of anode rays is (c) positive residue of atoms.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Cathode Rays
Cathode rays are fascinating streams of particles. These rays are composed of electrons, which are negatively charged subatomic particles often associated with electricity and magnetism. In the late 19th century, J.J. Thomson played a pivotal role in uncovering the nature of cathode rays. Through experimenting with cathode ray tubes (CRTs), Thomson demonstrated that these rays were streams of electrons.

Cathode rays travel in straight lines and are deflected by magnetic and electric fields. This behavior signifies their charged nature. Furthermore, when they hit certain materials, they can cause them to glow, aiding in their detection.
  • Cathode rays are electrical in nature.
  • They consist purely of electrons.
  • Thomson's discoveries paved the way for the development of the atomic model.
Exploring Positive Ions
Positive ions form the cornerstone of our understanding of anode rays. Positive ions are particles that have lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge. When atoms shed electrons, the leftover particles carry a positive electrical charge. These ions are crucial in the functionality of anode rays.

Positive ions ensure that the behavior of anode rays differs from cathode rays. While cathode rays travel from cathode to anode, positive ions exhibit the opposite movement, traveling through the holes in a perforated cathode towards the negatively charged end.
  • Positive ions are essentially atom residues with fewer electrons.
  • They possess a positive charge due to electron loss.
  • In anode ray experiments, they move opposite to the cathode rays.
The Contributions of Eugen Goldstein
Eugen Goldstein was a key figure in the early exploration of particle physics. He is credited with the discovery of anode rays, also known simply as "positive rays" or "canal rays." In 1886, during experiments with modified gas discharge tubes, Goldstein observed these rays emanating from the anode side.

Goldstein's discovery was rooted in his observations of new types of rays traveling in the opposite direction to cathode rays within a cathode ray tube. These rays were later established as being composed of positive ions. His innovations laid the foundation for the understanding of heavier charged particles in physics, influencing many scientific advancements thereafter.
  • Goldstein identified anode or canal rays which are positive ions.
  • His work was instrumental in diversifying the understanding of atomic particles.
  • This discovery expanded the exploration of atomic structure beyond electrons.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the energy of photon of wavelength \(24800 \AA\) ? (a) \(0.5 \mathrm{eV}\) (b) \(0.9 \mathrm{eV}\) (c) \(1.1 \mathrm{eV}\) (d) \(0.75 \mathrm{eV}\)

An \(\alpha\) -particle when accelerated through a potential difference of \(V\) volt has a wavelength \(\lambda\) associated with it. In order to have same \(\lambda\), by what potential difference a proton must be accelerated? (a) \(8 \mathrm{~V}\) (b) \(6 \mathrm{~V}\) (c) \(4 \mathrm{~V}\) (d) \(12 \mathrm{~V}\)

A ruby laser produces radiations of wavelengths, \(662.6 \mathrm{~nm}\) in pulses whose duration \(\operatorname{are} 10^{-9} \mathrm{~s}\). If the laser produces \(0.39 \mathrm{~J}\) 'of energy per pulse, how many photons are produced in each pulse? (a) \(1.3 \times 10^{9}\) (b) \(1.3 \times 10^{18}\) (c) \(1.3 \times 10^{27}\) (d) \(3.9 \times 10^{18}\)

Ultraviolet light of wavelength \(66.26 \mathrm{~nm}\) and intensity \(2 \mathrm{~W} / \mathrm{m}^{2}\) falls on potassium surface by which photoelectrons are ejected out. If only \(0.1 \%\) of the incident photons produce photoelectrons, and surface area of metal surface is \(4 \mathrm{~m}^{2}\), how many electrons are emitted per second? (a) \(2.67 \times 10^{15}\) (b) \(3 \times 10^{15}\) (c) \(3.33 \times 10^{17}\) (d) \(4.17 \times 10^{16}\)

The de Broglie wavelength of a bus moving with speed \(v\) is \(\lambda\). Some passengers left the bus at a stopage. Now when the bus moves with twice its initial speed, its kinetic energy is found to be twice its initial value. What will be the de Broglie wavelength, now? (a) \(\lambda\) (b) \(2 \lambda\) (c) \(\lambda / 2\) (d) \(\lambda / 4\)
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