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Chapter 26: Problem 6

Which of the following arrangements is correct on the basis of conductivity of materials ? (a) silver \(>\) copper \(>\) aluminium \(>\) tungsten \(>\) water (b) silver \(>\) aluminium \(>\) copper \(>\) water (c) copper \(>\) silver \(>\) tungsten \(>\) water (d) water \(>\) silver \(>\) tungsten \(>\) water

Short Answer

Expert verified
Option (a) is correct: silver > copper > aluminium > tungsten > water.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Conductivity

Conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current. Metals are generally good conductors due to their free electrons. In comparing different metals and water, metals typically conduct electricity much better than water.
02

Reviewing Material Conductivity

From experience and data, we know that the order of common conductors from highest to lowest is typically: silver, copper, gold, aluminum, and tungsten. Water, being a poor conductor compared to metals, generally falls much lower in the list.
03

Analyzing Option (a)

The sequence in option (a) is: silver > copper > aluminium > tungsten > water. This sequence is close to the known order of conductivity for metals, with water added at the end. So, option (a) aligns with the general knowledge of conductivities from highest to lowest.
04

Analyzing Option (b)

Option (b) presents the order: silver > aluminium > copper > water. Although silver should be first, copper should be above aluminium, not vice versa. Therefore, option (b) does not match the correct order.
05

Analyzing Option (c)

Option (c) shows copper > silver > tungsten > water. Here the order is incorrect as silver should precede copper. Thus, option (c) is not accurate.
06

Analyzing Option (d)

Option (d) lists water ahead of silver, which is not correct as water is a much poorer conductor compared to silver or any metal. Hence, option (d) cannot be correct.
07

Conclusion

After reviewing all the options, it becomes clear that option (a) accurately follows the typical order of conductivity for these materials with metals first followed by water.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Electrical Conductivity
Electrical conductivity is a fundamental concept in physics and chemistry. It refers to the ability of a material to allow the flow of electric current through it. Conductivity is measured in siemens per meter (S/m), and materials with high conductivity are termed 'good conductors'. To better understand this concept, it's important to consider how electrical conductivity is determined.
  • In metals, the presence of free electrons enhances conductivity.
  • Materials like metals and some other elements, have a crystalline structure, allowing electrons to move freely.
  • Insulators are materials with low conductivity, meaning they resist electric current flow.
This concept has practical applications in various fields like engineering, telecommunications, and electronics, where specific materials are chosen based on their conductivity properties.
Conductors
Conductors are materials that permit the flow of electrical current with little resistance. They are an integral part of electrical circuits and systems. Metals, particularly, are noted for their good conductive properties due to their atomic structure.
  • Electrons in conductors move more freely, making them ideal for transporting electric charge.
  • Examples include silver, copper, and aluminum, all of which are used extensively in electrical wiring and devices.
  • Temperature can affect conductivity; typically, increasing temperature decreases the conductivity of metals.
Understanding conductors is essential to creating effective electrical systems, as choosing the right material can improve efficiency and safety.
Material Properties
The electrical properties of materials depend on their atomic structure and bonding. Different materials exhibit unique properties that influence their conductivity. For instance, the presence of free electrons is a critical factor for metals being good conductors.
  • Metallic bonding allows electrons to move freely, which is essential for conduction.
  • The more free electrons a material has, the better its conductivity.
  • Materials with tightly bound electrons, such as in covalent bonds, act as insulators.
When selecting materials for electrical applications, engineers consider these properties to ensure the best performance.
Metals
Metals are typically noted for their excellent conductivity. They make up a significant portion of conductors due to their atomic arrangement and bonding.
  • Metals such as copper and silver rank among the top conductors because of their high density of free electrons.
  • Silver is the best conductor due to its electron configuration, but copper is often used due to its balance of performance and cost.
  • Metals also have the advantage of being ductile and malleable, making them easy to form into wires and other components.
The study of metals and their electrical properties has propelled many technological advancements, demonstrating their pivotal role in modern science and industry.
Science Education
Science education plays a crucial role in understanding concepts like conductivity and the selection of appropriate materials. Familiarizing students with the properties of materials fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
  • Engaging in experiments, like testing the conductivity of different materials, enhances theoretical learning.
  • Science curricula that incorporate real-world applications help students grasp the significance of these concepts.
  • Practical knowledge of electrical properties aids in various fields, from construction to electronics engineering.
Cultivating a strong foundation in science education is essential for developing future innovators and technologists who can apply these concepts effectively.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A big dry cell \(A\) and a small dry cell \(B\) have the same emf. The internal resistance of \(A\) : (a) is greater than that of \(B\) (b) is equal to that of \(B\) (c) is less than that of \(B\) (d) may have any value independent of its size

A copper wire of length \((l)\) and radius \((r)\) is nickel plated till its final radius is \((R)\) and length \((l)\). If the specific resistance of nickel and copper be \(k_{n}\) and \(k_{r}\), the conductance of nickelled wire is : (a) \(\frac{\pi r^{2}}{l k_{r}}\) (b) \(\frac{\pi\left[R^{2}-r^{2}\right]}{l k_{n}}\) (c) \(\frac{\pi}{l}\left(\frac{r^{2}}{k_{c}}+\frac{R^{2}-r^{2}}{k_{n}}\right)\) (d) \(\frac{l k_{r}}{\pi r^{2}} \div \frac{l k_{n}}{\pi\left(R^{2}-r^{2}\right)}\)

If an electric heater is rated at \(1000 \mathrm{~W}\), then the time required to heat one litre of water from \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) will be : (a) \(136 \mathrm{~s}\) (b) \(236 \mathrm{~s}\) (c) \(336 \mathrm{~s}\) (d) \(436 \mathrm{~s}\)

What must be the efficiency of an electric. kettle marked \(500 \mathrm{~W}, 230 \mathrm{~V}\), if it was found to bring \(1 \mathrm{~kg}\) of water at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to boiling point in 15 minutes? (given specific heat capacity of water \(=4200 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{kg}^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ) (a) \(79 \%\) (b) \(81 \%\) (c) \(72 \%\) (d) \(69 \%\)

When one ampere current flows for one minute through a silver voltameter, it deposites \(0.067 \mathrm{~g}\) of silver on the cathode, then how much charge will flow to deposite \(108 \mathrm{~g}\) of silver? (a) \(10.6 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{eq}}\) (b) \(9.67 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{geq}\) (c) \(8.7 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{g}_{\mathrm{eq}}\) (d) \(4.3 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{C} / \mathrm{geq}\)
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