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Chapter 1: Q. 1.27 (page 19)

Give an example of a process in which no heat is added to a system, but its temperature increases. Then give an example of the opposite: a process in which heat is added to a system but its temperature does not change.

Short Answer

Expert verified

No heat is added to a system, but its temperature increases : Heating a resister

a process in which heat is added to a system but its temperature does not change: Boiling water

Step by step solution

01

Given

No heat is added to a system, but its temperature increases and

A process in which heat is added to a system but its temperature does not change.

02

Explanation

Heat is defined as any flow of energy between two objects due to difference in temperature between them.
In thermodynamics work is defined as any transfer of energy into or out of system from surroundings.

Any process in which work is done on a body can raise the temperature even if no heat flows. The heating of resistor is a one of example which does work on the system from current flow in the resistor which is not because of the heat flow.
Opposite is also possible to add heat to a system without raising its temperature.
When water reaches its boiling point the temperature of water doesn't increase any further. The heat is used to vaporize water at a constant temperature.


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Most popular questions from this chapter

At about what pressure would the mean free path of an air molecule at room temperature equal 10cm, the size of a typical laboratory apparatus?

Make a rough estimate of thermal conductivity of helium at room temperature. Discuss your result, explaining why it differs the value for air

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bThe conclusion of part aturns out to be true, at least on average, for any system of particles held together by mutual gravitational attraction:

U炉potential=鈭�2U炉kinetic

Here each Urefers to the total energy (of that type) for the entire system, averaged over some sufficiently long time period. This result is known as the virial theorem. (For a proof, see Carroll and Ostlie (1996), Section 2.4.) Suppose, then, that you add some energy to such a system and then wait for the system to equilibrate. Does the average total kinetic energy increase or decrease? Explain.

cA star can be modeled as a gas of particles that interact with each other only gravitationally. According to the equipartition theorem, the average kinetic energy of the particles in such a star should be 32KT, whereT is the average temperature. Express the total energy of a star in terms of its average temperature, and calculate the heat capacity. Note the sign.
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eEstimate the average temperature of the sun, whose mass is 2脳1030kgand whose radius is 7脳108m. Assume, for simplicity, that the sun is made entirely of protons and electrons.

Pretend that you live in the 19th century and don't know the value of Avogadro's number* (or of Boltzmann's constant or of the mass or size of any molecule). Show how you could make a rough estimate of Avogadro's number from a measurement of the thermal conductivity of gas, together with other measurements that are relatively easy.

Suppose you open a bottle of perfume at one end of a room. Very roughly, how much time would pass before a person at the other end of the room could smell the perfume, if diffusion were the only transport mechanism? Do you think diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism in this situation?
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