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Chapter 6: Problem 2

Distinguish between the terms in each of the following pairs. molecule-compound

Short Answer

Expert verified
Molecules are units of bonded atoms, which can be the same or different, while compounds are molecules that consist of different elements.

Step by step solution

01

- Define Molecule

A molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical substance that can exist. It is formed when two or more atoms bond together chemically. Molecules can consist of atoms of the same element or different elements.
02

- Define Compound

A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in fixed proportions. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
03

- Key Differences

The key difference between a molecule and a compound is that a molecule can consist of the same or different elements chemically bonded together, whereas a compound specifically consists of two or more different elements.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

chemical bonds
Chemical bonds are the connections between atoms that allow the formation of molecules and compounds. These bonds occur due to the attractive forces between atoms, which can either share or transfer electrons.
There are several types of chemical bonds, including:
  • Covalent Bonds: These bonds form when atoms share pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds can create both molecules and compounds.
  • Ionic Bonds: These bonds form when one atom transfers electrons to another atom. Ionic bonds usually create compounds, not molecules consisting of the same element.
  • Metallic Bonds: These bonds form between metal atoms, where electrons are shared in a 'sea' of free-floating electrons.
Understanding these bonds helps in distinguishing between molecules and compounds, as well as their unique properties.
elements
Elements are pure substances that consist of only one type of atom. These atoms have the same number of protons in their nuclei, which determines the element's identity. For example, all hydrogen atoms have one proton, while all carbon atoms have six protons.

  • Each element has unique properties, such as melting and boiling points, reactivity, and atomic mass.
  • Elements are represented by chemical symbols, like H for hydrogen, O for oxygen, and C for carbon.
  • Elements are the building blocks of all matter.
When atoms of different elements bond together, they form compounds with new properties distinct from the individual elements that composed them. This is crucial for understanding the concept of fixed proportions in compounds.
fixed proportions
Fixed proportions refer to the specific ratios in which elements combine to form compounds. For a compound to develop, elements must bond in definite proportions based on their chemical nature.

Take water (H\(_2\)O) as an example:
  • Water is always composed of 2 hydrogen atoms bonded to 1 oxygen atom.
  • This ratio, or fixed proportion, ensures the properties of water remain consistent.
  • If the proportions change, the resulting substance would be different, not water.
Fixed proportions are vital for the stability and identity of compounds. Understanding these proportions helps to distinguish compounds from molecules, as compounds consist of different elements combined in these exact ratios.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following compounds is unlikely to contain ionic bonds? A) NaF B) CO C) LiCl D) \(\mathrm{MgBr}_{2}\)

What are the percentages of each atom for this molecule, \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} ?\)

In the chemical formula \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\), the subscript 2 shows which of the following? A) There are two oxygen ions. B) There are two oxygen atoms. C) There are two \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) molecules. D) There are two \(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\) compounds.

What is the number of the group in which the elements have a stable outer energy level? A) 1 B) 13 C) 16 D) 18

If equal masses of \(\mathrm{CuCl}\) and \(\mathrm{CuCl}_{2}\) decompose into their components copper and chlorine-predict which compound will yield more copper. Explain.
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