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Electrons are tiny particles that belong to the family of subatomic particles. They are part of every atom and carry a negative electric charge. This negative charge is fundamental to many interactions in physics and chemistry. Since electrons are all negatively charged, they will naturally repel each other when they come close. This repulsion is due to the forces described by important laws in physics, such as Coulomb's law.

Electrons play a critical role in forming chemical bonds and electricity. When electrons move through a conductor, they create an electric current, which powers many of the devices we use every day. Understanding how electrons behave is key to understanding much of modern electronics and chemistry.

Coulomb's law is a fundamental principle that helps us understand the forces between electric charges. It was named after the French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb who first described this interaction. The law states that the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In mathematical terms, Coulomb's law is expressed as:

\[ F = k_e \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}} \]

Where:

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