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Chapter 14: Problem 32

To form an addition polymer, what structural feature must the monomer possess?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Monomers need a carbon-carbon double bond to form an addition polymer.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Organic Polymers

Organic polymers are large macromolecules composed of repeated structural units known as monomers. These monomers link in specific ways to form these polymers.
02

Understand Addition Polymerization

Addition polymerization involves monomers that have unsaturated bonds, like double bonds, which allow them to open up and link together, forming long chains. This process is called 'addition' because it adds monomers together without byproducts.
03

Recognize Key Structural Feature

The key structural feature that monomers must possess to undergo addition polymerization is a double bond between carbon atoms (also known as a carbon-carbon double bond). This is because the addition reaction occurs at this unsaturated site.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Organic Polymers
Organic polymers are a fascinating part of chemistry. These are large molecules composed of repeating smaller units called monomers. These polymers are found all around us in everyday materials, including plastics, rubber, and even some fibers used in clothing. The chain-like structure of polymers is what gives them their unique properties, such as flexibility and strength.

Here are some interesting aspects of organic polymers:
  • They are essential in many industries, including construction, clothing, and electronics.
  • Their properties, like being lightweight or durable, make them extremely useful for creating a wide variety of products.
  • Organic polymers can be synthesized to be biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly.
Monomers
Monomers are the small, foundational units that build up polymers. In the process of polymerization, these monomers link together to form long chains, resulting in the creation of a polymer. Each type of monomer contributes different properties to the polymer they form.

Some key points about monomers include:
  • The specific arrangement and the type of monomers used determine the properties of the resulting polymer.
  • Monomers must have an active site, like a double bond, to allow for polymerization.
  • They are often versatile, allowing chemists to design polymers with desired properties by selecting specific monomers.
A clear example is ethylene, a simple monomer with the formula \( C_2H_4 \), forming polyethylene, a common plastic, when polymerized.
Carbon-Carbon Double Bond
The carbon-carbon double bond is an essential feature for addition polymerization to occur. It is a type of covalent bond formed between two carbon atoms when they share two pairs of electrons. This bond is less stable and more reactive than a single bond, making it a site for chemical reactions.

Let's consider its importance:
  • The double bond can "open up" during reactions, facilitating the bonding of monomers into a polymer chain without forming byproducts.
  • It is specifically the site targeted in addition polymerization, where monomers combine to form polymers.
  • Having a double bond not only allows for polymerization but also contributes to the reactivity and characteristics of the resulting polymer.
These bonds are a distinctive feature of many monomers used in forming addition polymers, which is why they are so important in the field of organic chemistry.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How do humans get energy from carbohydrates? What energy source do plants use to make carbohydrates?

Show the Kekul茅 representation and the preferred representation of benzene's structural formula.

Describe the geometry and bond angles when a carbon atom forms four single bonds.

Give the general molecular formulas for alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Write the structural formula for one example of each of these classes.

Name a well-known synthetic fiber that is a polyester and one that is a polyamide. Name two addition polymers.
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