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Chapter 9: Problem 115

Which frequency can be reflected from ionosphere? (A) \(5 \mathrm{MHz}\) (B) \(6 \mathrm{GHz}\) (C) \(5 \mathrm{KHz}\) (D) \(500 \mathrm{MHz}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The correct frequency that can be reflected from the ionosphere is \(5 \mathrm{MHz}\), as it falls within the High Frequency (HF) range, which is known for ionospheric reflection.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Ionosphere

The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere that starts about 60 km above the surface and extends up to around 1000 km. It consists mainly of ionized particles due to solar radiation, which gives it some unique properties. One of these properties is the ability to reflect radio waves back to Earth, making it possible to establish long-distance communication using shortwave radio frequencies.
02

Identifying the Ionospheric Frequency Range

The ionosphere can reflect radio frequencies in the High Frequency (HF) and Very High Frequency (VHF) ranges. The HF range is typically between \(3 \mathrm{MHz}\) and \(30 \mathrm{MHz}\), and the VHF range is between \(30 \mathrm{MHz}\) and \(300 \mathrm{MHz}\). Reflection of radio waves from the ionosphere primarily occurs in the HF range, while some VHF signals can also experience reflection depending on the ionospheric conditions.
03

Analyzing the Given Options

Based on our knowledge of the ionospheric frequency range, we can now evaluate the given options: (A) \(5 \mathrm{MHz}\) falls within the HF range, which is known for ionospheric reflection. (B) \(6 \mathrm{GHz}\) (6 billion Hz) is much higher than the VHF range, so it is not suitable for ionospheric reflection. (C) \(5 \mathrm{KHz}\) is far below the HF range and is not suitable for ionospheric reflection. (D) \(500 \mathrm{MHz}\) falls within the VHF range, but the ionosphere primarily reflects the HF range, and only some VHF signals can be reflected depending on conditions.
04

Selecting the Correct Option

Given the options and our understanding of the ionospheric frequency range, the correct option is: (A) \(5 \mathrm{MHz}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For a certain stretched string, three consecutive resonance frequencies are observed as \(105,175,245 \mathrm{~Hz}\), respectively. Then select the correct alternatives (A) The string is fixed at both ends. (B) The string is fixed at one end only. (C) The fundamental frequency is \(35 \mathrm{~Hz}\). (D) The fundamental frequency is \(52.5 \mathrm{~Hz}\).

A motor cycle starts from rest and accelerates along a straight path at \(2 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\). At the starting point of the motor cycle there is a stationary electric siren. How far has the motor cycle gone when the direiver hears the frequency of the siren at \(94 \%\) of its value when the motor cycle was at rest? (Speed of sound \(=330 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}\) ) (A) \(98 \mathrm{~m}\) (B) \(147 \mathrm{~m}\) (C) \(196 \mathrm{~m}\) (D) \(49 \mathrm{~m}\)

A tuning fork of frequency \(340 \mathrm{~Hz}\) is vibrated just above a cylindrical tube of length \(120 \mathrm{~cm}\). Water is slowly poured in the tube. If the speed of sound is 340 \(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}\), then the minimum height of water required for resonance is (A) \(25 \mathrm{~cm}\) (B) \(45 \mathrm{~cm}\) (C) \(75 \mathrm{~cm}\) (D) \(95 \mathrm{~cm}\)

A pipe of length \(L\) closed at one end is located along \(x\)-axis with closed end at origin and open end at \((l,\), 0). The pipe resonates in its \(n^{\text {th }}\) overtone with maximum amplitude of air molecules to be equal to \(a_{0}\) Calculate the \(x\)-co- ordinates of those points, where maximum pressure change \(\left(\Delta P_{m}\right)\) occurs and calculate \(\left(\Delta P_{m}\right)\). Density of air is equal to \(\rho\) and velocity of sound in air is \(v\).

A tuning fork arrangement (pair) produces 4 beats/s with one fork of frequency 288 cps. A little wax is placed on the unknown fork and it then produces 2 beats/sec. The frequency of the unknown fork is (A) \(286 \mathrm{cps}\) (B) \(292 \mathrm{cps}\) (C) \(294 \mathrm{cps}\) (D) \(288 \mathrm{cps}\)
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