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Photons are the basic units of light. They carry energy that is determined by their frequency. The equation that relates a photon's energy to its frequency is given by \( E = h u \). Here, \( E \) stands for energy, \( h \) is Planck's constant, and \( u \) is the frequency of the light.
Since blue light has a higher frequency compared to red light, photons of blue light have more energy than those of red light. This is a fundamental concept in understanding why different colors of light photons carry different amounts of energy.
When comparing beams of red and blue light, even though blue light photons carry more energy, a beam of red light can carry the same energy if it has more photons. This balances out the lower energy per red photon.

The frequency \( u \) and wavelength \( \lambda \) of light are interconnected properties. They describe how long or short the light waves are, affecting many characteristics, including energy.
The frequency of light is the number of wave cycles that pass a point per second. Higher frequency means more cycles, which translates to higher energy. Wavelength, on the other hand, is the distance between successive peaks of the light waves. It is inversely related to frequency, meaning that as the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa.
You can use the equation \( c = u \lambda \) to understand the relationship between the speed of light \( c \), frequency \( u \), and wavelength \( \lambda \). This shows that the speed of light is equal to the product of its frequency and wavelength.

Planck's constant (\( h \)) is a fundamental quantity in quantum mechanics. It connects the energy of photons to the frequency of the light.
The value of Planck's constant is approximately \( 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \) Joule seconds. This small number highlights how energy per photon is typically very tiny because frequency has to be multiplied by this constant.
In the equation \( E = h u \), Planck's constant ensures that we have the correct units when calculating energy from frequency. This constant is critical for understanding many other quantum phenomena as well.