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A data set has values ranging from a low of 10 to a high of 52\. What's wrong with using the class limits \(10-19,20-29,30-39,40-49\) for a frequency table?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The class limits do not cover the entire range of data up to 52; an additional class is needed.

Step by step solution

01

Understand Class Limits

Class limits define the range of values that can fall into a specific class for organizing data. For example, in the class limit "10-19," 10 is the lower class limit, and 19 is the upper class limit. The objective is to include all data points in the dataset in these class intervals.
02

Identify Full Range of Data

The data set has a range from the lowest value of 10 to the highest value of 52. This means that any frequency table must include class intervals that can accommodate all numbers, from 10 up to 52.
03

Review Given Class Limits

The provided class limits are \(10-19\), \(20-29\), \(30-39\), and \(40-49\). These intervals effectively account for numbers from 10 to 49.
04

Identify the Missing Range

The highest value in the dataset is 52, but the current class limits end at 49. This means that the numbers 50, 51, and 52 are not included within any defined class limit, leaving them unaccounted for.
05

Conclusion on Class Limits

The issue with the given class limits is that they do not cover the entire range of the data set. To correctly cover the range from 10 to 52, an additional class, such as \(50-59\), is required to include all data points.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Frequency Table
A frequency table is a handy tool that organizes data into manageable groups or classes. It shows how many data points fall within each class interval. This makes it easier to understand the overall distribution of the data. For example, if you have a list of students' test scores, a frequency table could show how many students scored within certain ranges, like 0-49 or 50-100.

Creating a frequency table involves setting class limits, which define the boundaries of each interval. This table then allows viewers to quickly see patterns and trends in the data. It helps in easily identifying where most of the data points are clustered, making it a valuable resource for data analysis.
Data Set Range
The data set range is a crucial part of organizing and interpreting any data. It represents the difference between the highest and lowest values in the set. In practical terms, it gives a quick glimpse of the data spread.

Calculating the data set range is simple: subtract the smallest number from the largest number. For the given data set, the range is calculated as 52 - 10, resulting in a range of 42.

This information is vital when setting class intervals for a frequency table, ensuring that all data points are covered. Accounting for the complete range avoids leaving any numbers out when organizing the data.
Class Intervals
Class intervals are defined segments that group the data within a frequency table. They act as containers that hold multiple data points. When setting up class intervals, ensuring that they are comprehensive enough to include every data point is essential.

For instance, if our data set ranges from 10 to 52, we need class intervals that cover this full span. When creating these intervals, pay attention to the lowest and highest values. The class intervals should start with the lowest value and extend beyond the highest value to include every data point.

Using class intervals like 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 would miss the values from 50 to 52, illustrating why it's crucial to think carefully about these brackets. Adding an extra class, such as 50-59, would ensure that all data is represented.
Highest Value
The highest value in a data set is the largest numerical figure among the data points. Recognizing this number is important when setting class limits for a frequency table.

The highest value dictates the upper bound that your class intervals need to cover. In the provided data range from 10 to 52, 52 is the highest value. Without a class interval that includes 52, the data set analysis would be incomplete.

To ensure all data is accounted for, the highest value should always be part of the upper class limit. Extending class intervals to encompass the highest number avoids leaving out critical data points, such as 50 through 52 in this example.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A personnel office is gathering data regarding working conditions. Employees are given a list of five conditions that they might want to see improved. They are asked to select the one item that is most critical to them. Which type of graph, circle graph or Pareto chart, would be most useful for displaying the results of the survey? Why?

How long did real cowboys live? One answer may be found in the book The Last Cowboys by Connie Brooks (University of New Mexico Press). This delightful book presents a thoughtful sociological study of cowboys in west Texas and southeastern New Mexico around the year \(1890 .\) A sample of 32 cowboys gave the following years of longevity: $$ \begin{array}{lllllllllll} 58 & 52 & 68 & 86 & 72 & 66 & 97 & 89 & 84 & 91 & 91 \\ 92 & 66 & 68 & 87 & 86 & 73 & 61 & 70 & 75 & 72 & 73 \\ 85 & 84 & 90 & 57 & 77 & 76 & 84 & 93 & 58 & 47 & \end{array} $$ (a) Make a stem-and-leaf display for these data. (b) Consider the following quote from Baron von Richthofen in his Cattle Raising on the Plains of North America: "Cowboys are to be found among the sons of the best families. The truth is probably that most were not a drunken, gambling lot, quick to draw and fire their pistols." Does the data distribution of longevity lend credence to this quote?

The following data represent tonnes of wheat harvested each year (1894-1925) from Plot 19 at the Rothamsted Agricultural Experiment Stations, England. \(\begin{array}{lllllllllll}2.71 & 1.62 & 2.60 & 1.64 & 2.20 & 2.02 & 1.67 & 1.99 & 2.34 & 1.26 & 1.31 \\ 1.80 & 2.82 & 2.15 & 2.07 & 1.62 & 1.47 & 2.19 & 0.59 & 1.48 & 0.77 & 2.04 \\ 1.32 & 0.89 & 1.35 & 0.95 & 0.94 & 1.39 & 1.19 & 1.18 & 0.46 & 0.70 & \end{array}\) (a) Multiply each data value by 100 to "clear" the decimals. (b) Use the standard procedures of this section to make a frequency table and histogram with your whole-number data. Use six classes. (c) Divide class limits, class boundaries, and class midpoints by 100 to get back to your original data values.

A data set has values ranging from a low of 10 to a high of 50\. The class width is to be 10 . What's wrong with using the class limits \(10-20\), \(21-31,32-42,43-53\) for a frequency table with a class width of \(10 ?\)

Driving would be more pleasant if we didn't have to put up with the bad habits of other drivers. USA Today reported the results of a Valvoline Oil Company survey of 500 drivers, in which the drivers marked their complaints about other drivers. The top complaints turned out to be tailgating, marked by \(22 \%\) of the respondents; not using turn signals, marked by \(19 \% ;\) being cut off, marked by \(16 \%\); other drivers driving too slowly, marked by \(11 \% ;\) and other drivers being inconsiderate, marked by \(8 \% .\) Make a Pareto chart showing percentage of drivers listing each stated complaint. Could this information as reported be put in a circle graph? Why or why not?

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