/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Q. 60 Treating low bone density 聽Frac... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 5: Q. 60 (page 330)

Treating low bone density Fractures of the spine are common and serious

among women with advanced osteoporosis (low mineral density in the bones). Can taking

strontium ranelate help? A large medical trial was conducted to investigate this question.

Researchers recruited 1649women with osteoporosis who had previously had at least one

fracture for an experiment. The women were assigned to take either strontium ranelate or a

placebo each day. All the women were taking calcium supplements and receiving standard

medical care. One response variable was the number of new fractures over 3years.

a. Describe a completely randomized design for this experiment.

b. Explain why it is important to keep the calcium supplements and medical care the same

for all the women in the experiment.

c. The women who took strontium ranelate had statistically significantly fewer new

fractures, on average, than the women who took a placebo over a 3鈥�year period. Explain

what this means to someone who knows little statistics.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. We can make a completely randomized design by assigning a unique no. between 1and1649

to each of 1649women.

b. Calcium supplements and medical care will confound the results if we do not keep them the same for all the women in the experiment.

c. On average, the women who took strontium ranelate had fewer new fractures than the women who took a placebo, indicating that the large difference is unlikely to be due to chance.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a): Step 1: Given information

We have been given that a large medical trial was conducted to investigate this question.

Researchers recruited 1649women with osteoporosis and the women were assigned to take either strontium ranelate or a placebo each day.

We need to describe a completely randomized design for this experiment

02

Part (a): Step 2: Explanation

In a completely randomized experiment, let us assign a unique number between 1and1649to each of 1649woman.

We have to randomly draw 825unique numbers between 1and1649.

Now the 825corresponding women will be assigned to strontium ranelate and the remaining 824women are assigned to placebo treatment.

03

Part (b): Step 1: Given information

We have been given that a large medical trial was conducted to investigate this question.

Researchers recruited 1649women with osteoporosis and the women were assigned to take either strontium ranelate or a placebo each day.

We need to find why it is important to keep the calcium supplements and medical care the same

for all the women in the experiment.

04

Part (b): step 2: Explanation

If we do not keep the calcium supplements and medical care the same for all the women in the experiment then we will not be able to see whether the differences in the treatments are due to treatment or due to calcium supplements or medical care. We will not be able to distinguish their effect on the results.

05

Part (c): Step 1: Given information

We have been given that a large medical trial was conducted to investigate this question.

Researchers recruited 1649women with osteoporosis and the women were assigned to take either strontium ranelate or a placebo each day.

We need to find out why the women who took strontium ranelate had statistically significantly fewer new fractures, on average than the women who took a placebo.

06

Part (c): Step 2: Explanation

''Statistically significant'' mean differences were so large that the differences are unlikely due to chance.

the women who took strontium ranelate had statistically significantly fewer new fractures, on average than the women who took a placebo, that is unlikely that the large amount is due to chance.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Butter side down Researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University in England

determined that if a piece of toast is dropped from a2.5-foot-high table, the probability

that it lands butter side down is 0.81.

a. Explain what this probability means.

b. Suppose that the researchers dropped 4pieces of toast, and all of them landed butter

side down. Does that make it more likely that the next piece of toast will land with the

butter side up? Explain your answer.

Notebook check Every 9weeks, Mr. Millar collects students' notebooks and checks their homework. He randomly selects 4different assignments to inspect for all of the students. Marino is one of the students in Mr. Millar's class. Marino completed 20homework assignments and did not complete 10assignments. He is surprised when Mr. Millar only selects 1assignment that he completed. Should he be surprised? To find out, we want to design a simulation to estimate the probability that Mr. Millar will randomly select 1or fewer of the homework assignments that Marino completed.

Get 30identical slips of paper. Write "N" on 10 of the slips and "C" on the remaining 20slips. Put the slips into a hat and mix well. Draw 1slip without looking to represent the first randomly selected homework assignment, and record whether Marino completed it. Put the slip back into the hat, mix again, and draw another slip representing the second randomly selected assignment. Record whether Marino completed this assignment. Repeat this process two more times for the third and fourth randomly selected homework assignments. Record the number out of the 4randomly selected homework assignments that Marino completed in this trial of the simulation. Perform many trials. Find the proportion of trials in which Mr. Millar randomly selects 1or fewer of the homework assignments that Marino completed.

An athlete suspected of using steroids is given two tests that operate independently of each other. Test A has probability 0.9of being positive if steroids have been used. Test B has probability 0.8of being positive if steroids have been used. What is the probability that neither test is positive if the athlete has used steroids?

a. 0.08

b. 0.28

c. 0.02

d. 0.38

e. 0.72

Genetics There are many married couples in which the husband and wife both carry a gene for cystic fibrosis but don鈥檛 have the disease themselves. Suppose we select one of these couples at random. According to the laws of genetics, the probability that their first child will develop cystic fibrosis is 0.25.

a. Interpret this probability as a long-run relative frequency.

b. If researchers randomly select 4such couples, is one of these couples guaranteed to have a first child who develops cystic fibrosis? Explain your answer.

Suppose this player attempts 10shots in a game and makes only 3of them. Does this provide convincing evidence that she is less than a 47%shooter?

a. Yes, because 3/10(30%) is less than 47%

b. Yes, because she never made 47%of her shots in the simulation.

c. No, because it is plausible (believable) that she would make 3or fewer shots by chance alone.

d. No, because the simulation was only repeated 25times.

e. No, because more than half of the simulated results were less than47%
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Statistics

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Probability and Statistics

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Calculus

Read Explanation

Pure Maths

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.