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Chapter 5: Q. 27 (page 313)
Ten percent of U.S. households contain or more people. You want to simulate choosing a household at random and recording 鈥淵es鈥� if it contains or more people. Which of these is a correct assignment of digits for this simulation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. None of these
The correct answer is option b
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Liar, liar! Sometimes police use a lie detector test to help determine whether a suspect is
telling the truth. A lie detector test isn鈥檛 foolproof鈥攕ometimes it suggests that a person is
lying when he or she is actually telling the truth (a 鈥渇alse positive鈥�). Other times, the test
says that the suspect is being truthful when he or she is actually lying (a 鈥渇alse negative鈥�).
For one brand of lie detector, the probability of a false positive is 0.08.
a. Explain what this probability means.
b. Which is a more serious error in this case: a false positive or a false negative? Justify
your answer.
Dogs and cats In one large city, of all households, own a dog,
own a cat, and 18% own both. Suppose we randomly select a household and learn that the household owns a cat. Find the probability that the household owns a dog.
Another commercial If Aaron tunes into his favorite radio station at a
randomly selected time, there is a probability that a commercial will be playing.
a. Interpret this probability as a long-run relative frequency.
b. If Aaron tunes into this station at randomly selected times, will there be exactly one
time when a commercial is playing? Explain your answer.
The partially complete table that follows shows the distribution of scores on the AP庐
Statistics exam for a class of students.
Select a student from this class at random. If the student earned a score of 3 or higher
on the AP庐 Statistics exam, what is the probability that the student scored a 5?
Taking the train According to New Jersey Transit, the weekday train from Princeton to New York City has a chance of arriving on time. To test this claim, an auditor chooses weekdays at random during a month to ride this train. The train arrives late on of those days. Does the auditor have convincing evidence that the company's claim is false? Describe how you would carry out a simulation to estimate the probability that a train with a chance of arriving on time each day would be late on or more of days. Do not perform the simulation.
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