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Do males have higher literacy rates than females, on average, in Islamic countries? The following table shows the percent of men and women who were literate in 24largely Muslim nations at the time of this writing.

a. Explain why these are paired data.

b. A dot-plot of the difference (Male 鈥 Female) in literacy rate for each country is shown. Describe what the graph reveals about whether males have higher literacy rates than females in these countries, on average.

c. Calculate the mean difference and the standard deviation of the differences. Interpret the standard deviation.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part a. we note that the Male literacy data values belongs to the same countries as the Female literacy rates which implies that we have two data values per day and thus each of these data values per day forms a pair.

Part b. We note that all dots in the dot plot lie to the right of the zero which means that most of the differences are positive and thus the male literacy rates appears to be higher than the female literacy rates in general.

Part c. The mean is9.8208 and the standard deviation is9.6569.

Step by step solution

01

Part a. Step 1. Explanation

Data re paired if a data value in one sample corresponds with a unique data value in the other sample.

In this case, we note that the Male literacy data values belongs to the same countries as the Female literacy rates which implies that we have two data values per day and thus each of these data values per day forms a pair.

02

Part b. Step 1. Explanation

The dots in the dot plot represents the difference between males literacy rates and females literacy rates.

We note that all dots in the dot plot lie to the right of the zero which means that most of the differences are positive and thus the male literacy rates appears to be higher than the female literacy rates in general.

03

Part c. Step 1. Explanation

It is given that the table of the difference which is the male literacy rates less by the female literacy rates.

The mean is:

x=i-1nxin=30.5+0+0.2+8.6+16.8+7.4+15.4+8.7+6.4+0.5+7.4+7.9+4.7+18.5+25+9.1+12.4+0.2+14.8+4+1+0.6+34.4+1.224=235.724=9.8208

The sample variance is then as:

s2=(x-x)2n-1=(30.5-9.8208)2+(0-9.8208)2+(0.2-9.8208)2+(8.6-9.8208)2+(16.8-9.8208)2+(7.4-9.8208)2+(15.4-9.8208)2+(8.7-9.8208)2+(6.4-9.8208)2+(0.5-9.8208)2+(7.4-9.8208)2+(7.9-9.8208)2+(4.7-9.8208)2+(18.5-9.8208)2+(25-9.8208)2+(9.1-9.8208)2+(12.4-9.8208)2+(0.2-9.8208)2+(14.8-9.8208)2+(4-9.8208)2+(1-9.8208)2+(0.6-9.8208)2+(34.4-9.8208)2+(1.2-9.8208)2+(24-1=93.2548

The sample standard deviation is then,

s=s2=93.2548=9.6569

The difference are on average9.8208 which tends to vary on average by9.6569 from the average of9.8208.

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