/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Q. 69 Treating prostate disease A larg... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 4: Q. 69 (page 265)

Treating prostate disease A large study used records from Canada鈥檚 national health care system to compare the effectiveness of two ways to treat prostate disease. The two treatments are traditional surgery and a new method that does not require surgery. The records described many patients whose doctors had chosen what method to use. The study found that patients treated by the new method were more likely to die within8years.

a. Further study of the data showed that this conclusion was wrong. The extra deaths among patients who were treated with the new method could be explained by other variables. What other variables might be confounded with a doctor鈥檚 choice of surgical or nonsurgical treatment?

b. You have300prostate patients who are willing to serve as subjects in an experiment to compare the two methods. Write a few sentences describing a completely randomized design for this experiment.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The other variables controlling the treatments are the patients' conditions and also the money they have.

(b) The patients can be divided in various ways to choose between both treatments, like half can undergo surgical methods and the other half can go with non-surgical methods.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given Information

We are given an experiment where doctors are using two methods to treat patients, surgical and non-surgical, and we have to find out other variables which can affect the methods.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

According to the question, doctors have to advise patients about the treatments they can undergo that are surgical or non-surgical. But besides treatments, there are other variables which can affect the treatments, like the condition of the patient and the amount of money they have.

03

Part (b) Step 1: Given Information

We are given an experiment where doctors are using two methods to treat patients, surgical and non-surgical, and we have to find out how three hundred patients can be randomized.

04

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

According to the question, three hundred patients are available, and the patients should be randomized in such a way that fifty students should undergo surgical methods and the other one hundred fifty should undergo non-surgical methods. Another one can be in such a way that one hundred forty students can undergo surgical methods and one sixty students can undergo non-surgical methods and there are many other ways for randomization.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Eating on campus The director of student life at a small college wants to know what

percent of students eat regularly in the cafeteria. To find out, the director selects an SRS of

300 students who live in the dorms. Describe how undercoverage might lead to bias in this

study. Explain the likely direction of the bias.

More testosterone Refer to Exercise 56. Could blinding be used in this experiment? Explain your reasoning. Why is blinding an important consideration in this context?

One of the better studies of the effect of regular attendance

at religious services gathered data from a random sample of 3617 adults. The researchers then measured lots of variables, not just the explanatory variable (religious activities) and the response variable (length of life). A news article said: 鈥淐hurchgoers were more likely to be nonsmokers, physically active, and at their right weight. But even after health behaviors were taken into account, those not attending religious services regularly still were significantly more likely to have died.鈥� What conclusion can we draw from this study? Explain your reasoning.

Researchers randomly selected1700 people from Canada who had never suffered a

heart attack and rated the happiness of each person. Ten years later, the researchers

followed up with each person and found that people who were initially rated as happy

They were less likely to have a heart problem.

Which of the following is the most

appropriate conclusion based on this study?

a. Happiness causes better heart health for all people.

b. Happiness causes better heart health for Canadians.

c. Happiness causes better heart health for the1700people in the study.

d. Happier people in Canada are less likely to have heart problems.

e. Happier people in the study were less likely to have heart problems.

Can a vegetarian or low-salt diet reduce blood pressure? Men with high blood pressure are

assigned at random to one of four diets: (1) normal diet with unrestricted salt; (2)

vegetarian with unrestricted salt; (3) normal with restricted salt; and (4) vegetarian with

restricted salt. This experiment has

  1. one factor, the type of diet.
  2. two factors, high blood pressure and type of diet.
  3. two factors, normal/vegetarian diet and unrestricted/restricted salt.
  4. three factors, men, high blood pressure, and type of diet.
  5. four factors, the four diets being compared.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Applied Mathematics

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Pure Maths

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Calculus

Read Explanation

Decision Maths

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.