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Chapter 4: Q. 40 (page 240)

A simple random sample of 1200 adult Americans is selected, and each person is asked

the following question: 鈥淚n light of the huge national deficit, should the government at this

time spend additional money to send humans to Mars?鈥� Only 39% of those responding

answered 鈥淵es.鈥� This survey

a. is reasonably accurate because it used a large simple random sample.

b. needs to be larger because only about 24 people were drawn from each state.

c. probably understates the percent of people who favor sending humans to Mars.

d. is very inaccurate but neither understates nor overstates the percent of people who favor

sending humans to Mars. Because simple random sampling was used, it is unbiased.

e. probably overstates the percent of people who favor sending humans to Mars.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The correct option is c. because it probably understates the percent of people who favor sending humans to Mars.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

We need to choose the correct option from the given options.

02

Explanation

The question introduces bias responses by providing additional information that may impact the respondent's answer, which will most certainly lead to an underestimating, therefore we may conclude it understates the percentage of individuals who favour sending humans to Mars.

So the correct option is c.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Wording bias Comment on each of the following as a potential sample survey question.

Is the question clear? Is it slanted toward a desired response?

a. 鈥淪ome cell phone users have developed brain cancer. Should all cell phones come with

a warning label explaining the danger of using cell phones?鈥�

b. 鈥淒o you agree that a national system of health insurance should be favored because it

would provide health insurance for everyone and would reduce administrative costs?鈥�

c. 鈥淚n view of escalating environmental degradation and incipient resource depletion,

would you favor economic incentives for recycling of resource鈥搃ntensive consumer

驳辞辞诲蝉?鈥�

In the experiment of the preceding exercise, the subjects were randomly assigned to the

different treatments. What is the most important reason for this random assignment?

a. Random assignment eliminates the effects of other variables such as stress and body

weight.

b. Random assignment is a good way to create groups of subjects that are roughly

equivalent at the beginning of the experiment.

c. Random assignment makes it possible to make a conclusion about all men.

d. Random assignment reduces the amount of variation in blood pressure.

e. Random assignment prevents the placebo effect from ruining the results of the study.

Sealing your teeth- Many children have their molars sealed to help prevent cavities. In an experiment, 120children aged6鈥�8were randomly assigned to a control group, a group in which sealant was applied and reapplied periodically for 36months, and a group in which fluoride varnish was applied and reapplied periodically for 42months. After 9years, the percent of initially healthy molars with cavities was calculated for each group. Identify the experimental units and the treatments.

Close shave Which of two brands (XorY)of electric razor shaves closer? Researchers

want to design and carry out an experiment to answer this question using 50adult male

volunteers. Here鈥檚 one idea: Have all 50subjects shave the left sides of their faces with the

Brand Xrazor and shave the right sides of their faces with the Brand Yrazor. Then have

each man decide which razor gave the closer shave and compile the results.

a. Identify any flaws you see in the proposed design for this experiment.

b. Describe how you would design the experiment. Explain how your design addresses

each of the problems you identified in part (a).

Online polls Parade magazine posed the following question: 鈥淪hould drivers be banned

from using all cell phones?鈥� Readers were encouraged to vote online at parade.com. The

subsequent issue of Parade reported the results:2407(85%)said 鈥淵es鈥� and 410(15%)

said 鈥淣o.鈥�

a. What type of sample did the Parade survey obtain?

b. Explain why this sampling method is biased. Is 85%probably greater than or less than

the true percent of all adults who believe that all cell phone use while driving should be

banned? Why?
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