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Do product labels influence customer perceptions? To find out, researchers recruited more

than 500adults and asked them to estimate the number of calories, amount of added

sugar, and amount of fat in a variety of food products. Half of the subjects were

randomly assigned to evaluate products with the word 鈥淣atural鈥 on the label, while the

other half were assigned to evaluate the same products without the 鈥淣atural鈥 label. On

average, the products with the 鈥淣atural鈥 label were judged to have significantly fewer

calories. Based on this study, is it reasonable to conclude that including the word

鈥淣atural鈥 on the label causes a reduction in estimated calories?

a. No, because the adults weren鈥檛 randomly selected from the population of all adults.

b. No, because there wasn鈥檛 a control group for comparison.

c. No, because association doesn鈥檛 imply causation.

d. Yes, because the adults were randomly assigned to the treatments.

e. Yes, because there were a large number of adults involved in the study.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Correct option is (a) No, because the adults weren鈥檛 randomly selected from the population of all adults.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given Information 

500adults were asked to estimate the number of calories, amount of added

sugar, and amount of fat in a variety of food products. Half of the subjects were

randomly assigned to evaluate products with the word 鈥淣atural鈥 on the label, while the

other half were assigned to evaluate the same products without the 鈥淣atural鈥 label.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation  

No, because the adults weren鈥檛 randomly selected from the population of all adults.

In this study, researchers want to find out that do the product labels influence customer perception or not. So, they conducted an experiment. Since the experiment does not randomly choose the adults that were selected for the study. Thus, it is not reasonable to conclude that including the word 鈥渘atural鈥 on the label causes a reduction in estimated calories. So, the option (a) is correct option.

03

Part (b) Step 1: Given Information

500adults were asked to estimate the number of calories, amount of added

sugar, and amount of fat in a variety of food products. Half of the subjects were

randomly assigned to evaluate products with the word 鈥淣atural鈥 on the label, while the

other half were assigned to evaluate the same products without the 鈥淣atural鈥 label.

04

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation 

No, because there wasn鈥檛 a control group for comparison.

This option is incorrect because it is saying that there was no control group for comparison,which is wrong.there was a control group of comparison of500adults.

05

Part (c) Step 1:Given Information 

500adults were asked to estimate the number of calories, amount of added

sugar, and amount of fat in a variety of food products. Half of the subjects were

randomly assigned to evaluate products with the word 鈥淣atural鈥 on the label, while the

other half were assigned to evaluate the same products without the 鈥淣atural鈥 label.

06

Part (c) Step 2:Explanation 

No, because association doesn鈥檛 imply causation.

This option is incorrect because association imply causation as it has random assignment.

07

Part (d) Step 1:Given Information  

500adults were asked to estimate the number of calories, amount of added

sugar, and amount of fat in a variety of food products. Half of the subjects were

randomly assigned to evaluate products with the word 鈥淣atural鈥 on the label, while the

other half were assigned to evaluate the same products without the 鈥淣atural鈥 label.

08

Part (d) Step 2:Explanation  

Yes, because the adults were randomly assigned to the treatments.

This option is incorrect because we use the word cause when we have random assignment.

09

Part (e) Step 1:Given Information 

500adults were asked to estimate the number of calories, amount of added

sugar, and amount of fat in a variety of food products. Half of the subjects were

randomly assigned to evaluate products with the word 鈥淣atural鈥 on the label, while the

other half were assigned to evaluate the same products without the 鈥淣atural鈥 label.

10

Part (e) Step 2: Explanation  

Yes, because there were a large number of adults involved in the study.

This option is incorrect because we have considered only500adults for study.

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