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Chapter 4: Problem 30

How long before school starts do students get out of bed, on average? Administrators survey a random sample of students on each school bus one morning. Give a reason why this survey might yield a biased result. Explain the likely direction of the bias.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The survey is biased as it only includes bus riders, likely overestimating wake-up times.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Survey Method

The school administrators have chosen a convenience sample by surveying students on school buses. This means they are collecting data only from students who use bus transportation.
02

Identifying Possible Bias

Since the sample only includes students who use the bus, it might not accurately represent all students. For instance, students who walk, bike, or get a ride may have different wake-up times.
03

Direction of the Bias

It's likely that students taking the bus get up earlier than those who have other means of transport, such as walking or being driven by parents. Thus, the survey may overestimate how early students get up on average.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Understanding Convenience Sample
A convenience sample involves selecting participants who are easily accessible to the researcher. This method is often utilized for its simplicity and low cost, but it may lead to biased outcomes. In the exercise, administrators surveyed students on school buses. Such students are more convenient to reach. However, they do not represent all students for a variety of reasons.
Bus-riding students may have distinct characteristics or schedules compared to those who don't ride the bus. This method, while expedient, often fails to capture the diversity of the entire population under study, potentially skewing the results.
Importance of Survey Methodology
Survey methodology refers to the technique used for collecting and analyzing data from a sample of individuals. A well-designed survey should aim to minimize bias and provide accurate insights into the population.
  • Ensuring the survey sample is representative of the entire population is critical.
  • Surveys should also consider different segments within the population to avoid overgeneralizing results.
  • In our exercise, using only bus students overlooks others who may have different daily routines, such as those who walk, bike, or are driven.
This oversight demonstrates a common pitfall in survey methodology鈥攆ailure to account for variability within the population can result in misleading data.
Ensuring Sample Representation
Sample representation is about selecting a sample that accurately reflects the broader population. It is a cornerstone of valid research, ensuring that every segment of the population is proportionately included.
In our scenario, to accurately represent all students, the administrators should aim to include various groups, such as those:
  • Taking different modes of transport (e.g., bus, walking, biking, carpooling)
  • With varying start times to consider early-starting programs or late dismissals
  • From different grades or academic programs
Without a representative sample, the results of the survey are likely to be inaccurate, as they do not encompass all potential variations within the student body. A sample that misses out on diversity risks an incomplete and biased view of when students usually get out of bed.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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