Chapter 4: Problem 16
Determine the intervals on which the given function is continuous. $$ F(x)=\sqrt{\frac{x-5}{x+6}} $$
Short Answer
Expert verified
Continuous on intervals: \( (-\infty, -6) \cup (5, \infty) \)
Step by step solution
01
Identify function domain restrictions
Identify the values of x where the function is undefined. The function involves a square root and a fraction. For the square root, the expression inside must be non-negative: \ \ \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \geq 0 \). Additionally, the denominator must not be zero, so \( x+6 eq 0 \).
02
Solve the inequality
Solve the inequality \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \geq 0 \). This requires finding the intervals where the numerator and denominator have the same sign (both positive or both negative). \ \ This happens when both \( x-5 \) and \( x+6 \) are positive, or both are negative.
03
Find critical points
Find the critical points where the expression changes sign: \ \ Set the numerator equal to zero: \ \( x - 5 = 0 \Rightarrow x = 5 \). \ Set the denominator equal to zero: \ \( x + 6 = 0 \Rightarrow x = -6 \).
04
Determine intervals
Examine the intervals determined by the critical points: \ \ \( (-\infty, -6) \), \( (-6, 5) \), and \( (5, \infty) \). \ For each interval, determine if the expression \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \) is non-negative.
05
Analyze intervals
Analyze the sign of \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \) in each interval: \ - For \( (-\infty, -6) \): both the numerator (negative) and the denominator (negative) are negative, so the fraction is positive. \ - For \( (-6, 5) \): numerator (negative) and the denominator (positive) have different signs, so the fraction is negative. \ - For \( (5, \infty) \): both numerator (positive) and denominator (positive) are positive, so the fraction is positive.
06
Exclude points where function is undefined
Exclude points from intervals where the function is undefined: \( x = -6 \) (denominator is zero, undefined point). Hence, the function is continuous on the intervals where it is defined and the fraction is non-negative.
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Key Concepts
These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.
Domain Restrictions
When dealing with a function like \(F(x)=\sqrt{\frac{x-5}{x+6}}\), it is vital to understand where the function is defined. Two primary domain restrictions need to be considered: the square root and the fraction.
1. **Square root condition**: The expression inside the square root must be non-negative because the square root of a negative number is not defined in the set of real numbers. This gives us the inequality \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \geq 0 \).
2. **Fraction condition**: The denominator of a fraction cannot be zero, as division by zero is undefined. Therefore, we must ensure that \( x+6 eq 0 \), or \( x eq -6 \).
By combining these two conditions, we can start to figure out the domain of function.
1. **Square root condition**: The expression inside the square root must be non-negative because the square root of a negative number is not defined in the set of real numbers. This gives us the inequality \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \geq 0 \).
2. **Fraction condition**: The denominator of a fraction cannot be zero, as division by zero is undefined. Therefore, we must ensure that \( x+6 eq 0 \), or \( x eq -6 \).
By combining these two conditions, we can start to figure out the domain of function.
Inequality Solving
To find where the fraction \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \geq 0 \), we need to determine where the numerator and the denominator have the same sign. This can be done through solving the inequality:
1. The fraction will be non-negative when both the numerator \( x-5 \) and the denominator \( x+6 \) are either both positive or both negative.
2. Solve for when these conditions hold true:
- \( x-5 \geq 0 \Rightarrow x \geq 5 \).
- \( x+6 \geq 0 \Rightarrow x \geq -6 \).
Next, consider the opposite:
- \( x-5 \leq 0 \Rightarrow x \leq 5 \).
- \( x+6 \leq 0 \Rightarrow x \leq -6 \).
By solving these scenarios, we identify where the expression inside the square root remains non-negative.
1. The fraction will be non-negative when both the numerator \( x-5 \) and the denominator \( x+6 \) are either both positive or both negative.
2. Solve for when these conditions hold true:
- \( x-5 \geq 0 \Rightarrow x \geq 5 \).
- \( x+6 \geq 0 \Rightarrow x \geq -6 \).
Next, consider the opposite:
- \( x-5 \leq 0 \Rightarrow x \leq 5 \).
- \( x+6 \leq 0 \Rightarrow x \leq -6 \).
By solving these scenarios, we identify where the expression inside the square root remains non-negative.
Critical Points
Critical points are specific values of x where the function might change its behavior, mainly where the fraction changes sign. To find the critical points for \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \):
1. **Find where the numerator is zero**: Set \( x-5=0 \Rightarrow x=5 \).
2. **Find where the denominator is zero**: Set \( x+6=0 \Rightarrow x=-6 \). These points separate the number line into different intervals which will be analyzed independently.\( x=-6 \) is particularly important since it makes the denominator zero, making the function undefined.
1. **Find where the numerator is zero**: Set \( x-5=0 \Rightarrow x=5 \).
2. **Find where the denominator is zero**: Set \( x+6=0 \Rightarrow x=-6 \). These points separate the number line into different intervals which will be analyzed independently.\( x=-6 \) is particularly important since it makes the denominator zero, making the function undefined.
Interval Analysis
Once the critical points are identified, examine the three intervals created: \([-\text{∞}, -6)\), \((-6, 5)\), and \((5, \text{∞})\). Determine if \( \frac{x-5}{x+6} \geq 0 \) in each interval:
1. For the interval \([-\text{∞}, -6)\): Both the numerator \( x-5 \) and the denominator \( x+6 \) are negative, resulting in a positive fraction.
2. For the interval \((-6, 5)\): Here, \( x-5 \) is negative and \( x+6 \) is positive, leading to a negative fraction.
3. For the interval \((5, \text{∞})\): Both \( x-5 \) and \( x+6 \) are positive, resulting in a positive fraction. This analysis will help in understanding where the function is continuous.
1. For the interval \([-\text{∞}, -6)\): Both the numerator \( x-5 \) and the denominator \( x+6 \) are negative, resulting in a positive fraction.
2. For the interval \((-6, 5)\): Here, \( x-5 \) is negative and \( x+6 \) is positive, leading to a negative fraction.
3. For the interval \((5, \text{∞})\): Both \( x-5 \) and \( x+6 \) are positive, resulting in a positive fraction. This analysis will help in understanding where the function is continuous.
Function Definition
Based on the previous intervals, we determine where the function \( F(x)=\sqrt{\frac{x-5}{x+6}} \) is defined and continuous:
1. The function is defined and non-negative at intervals where the fraction is positive: \([-\text{∞}, -6)\) and \((5, \text{∞})\).
2. Exclude the point \( x=-6 \), as it makes the denominator zero and hence the fraction is undefined at this point.
By combining these observations, we conclude that the function is continuous and defined on the intervals \([-\text{∞}, -6)\) and \((5, \text{∞})\). These intervals are where the function behaves smoothly without interruptions.
1. The function is defined and non-negative at intervals where the fraction is positive: \([-\text{∞}, -6)\) and \((5, \text{∞})\).
2. Exclude the point \( x=-6 \), as it makes the denominator zero and hence the fraction is undefined at this point.
By combining these observations, we conclude that the function is continuous and defined on the intervals \([-\text{∞}, -6)\) and \((5, \text{∞})\). These intervals are where the function behaves smoothly without interruptions.