Chapter 6: Problem 93
A sample with \(n=75, \bar{x}=18.92,\) and \(s=10.1\)
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Chapter 6: Problem 93
A sample with \(n=75, \bar{x}=18.92,\) and \(s=10.1\)
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Refer to a study on hormone replacement therapy. Until 2002 , hormone replacement therapy (HRT), taking hormones to replace those the body no longer makes after menopause, was commonly prescribed to post-menopausal women. However, in 2002 the results of a large clinical trial \(^{56}\) were published, causing most doctors to stop prescribing it and most women to stop using it, impacting the health of millions of women around the world. In the experiment, 8506 women were randomized to take HRT and 8102 were randomized to take a placebo. Table 6.16 shows the observed counts for several conditions over the five years of the study. (Note: The planned duration was 8.5 years. If Exercises 6.205 through 6.208 are done correctly, you will notice that several of the p-values are just below \(0.05 .\) The study was terminated as soon as HRT was shown to significantly increase risk (using a significance level of \(\alpha=0.05)\), because at that point it was unethical to continue forcing women to take HRT). Does HRT influence the chance of a woman having a fracture? $$ \begin{array}{lcc} \hline \text { Condition } & \text { HRT Group } & \text { Placebo Group } \\ \hline \text { Cardiovascular Disease } & 164 & 122 \\ \text { Invasive Breast Cancer } & 166 & 124 \\ \text { Cancer (all) } & 502 & 458 \\ \text { Fractures } & 650 & 788 \\ \hline \end{array} $$
Difference in mean commuting time (in minutes) between commuters in Atlanta and commuters in St. Louis, using \(n_{1}=500, \bar{x}_{1}=29.11,\) and \(s_{1}=20.72\) for Atlanta and \(n_{2}=500, \bar{x}_{2}=21.97,\) and \(s_{2}=14.23\) for St. Louis.
In Exercises 6.159 and \(6.160,\) situations comparing two proportions are described. In each case, determine whether the situation involves comparing proportions for two groups or comparing two proportions from the same group. State whether the methods of this section apply to the difference in proportions. (a) Compare the proportion of students who use a Windows-based \(\mathrm{PC}\) to the proportion who use a Mac. (b) Compare the proportion of students who study abroad between those attending public universities and those at private universities. (c) Compare the proportion of in-state students at a university to the proportion from outside the state. (d) Compare the proportion of in-state students who get financial aid to the proportion of outof-state students who get financial aid.
Involve scores from the high school graduating class of 2010 on the SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test). The distribution of sample means \(\bar{x}_{m}-\bar{x}_{f},\) where \(\bar{x}_{m}\) represents the mean Critical Reading score for a sample of 50 males and \(\bar{x}_{f}\) represents the mean Critical Reading score for a sample of 50 females, is centered at 5 with a standard deviation of \(22.5 .\) Give notation and define the quantity we are estimating with these sample differences. In the population of all students taking the test, who scored higher on average, males or females?
A \(99 \%\) confidence interval for \(\mu_{1}-\mu_{2}\) using the paired data in the following table: $$ \begin{array}{lccccc} \hline \text { Case } & \mathbf{1} & \mathbf{2} & \mathbf{3} & \mathbf{4} & \mathbf{5} \\ \hline \text { Treatment 1 } & 22 & 28 & 31 & 25 & 28 \\ \text { Treatment 2 } & 18 & 30 & 25 & 21 & 21 \\ \hline \end{array} $$
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