/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 72 The article "l'd Like to Buy a V... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 2: Problem 72

The article "l'd Like to Buy a Vowel, Drivers Say" (USA Today, August 7, 2001) speculates that young people prefer automobile names that consist of just numbers and/or letters that do not form a word (such as Hyundai's XG300, Mazda's \(626,\) and BMW's \(325 \mathrm{i}\) ). The article goes on to state that Hyundai had planned to identify the car that was eventually marketed as the XG 300 with the name Concerto, until they determined that consumers hated it and that they thought XG300 sounded more "technical" and deserving of a higher price. Do the students at your school feel the same way? Describe how you would go about selecting a sample to answer this question.

Short Answer

Expert verified
To obtain a sample, first define the population which is the students at the school. Decide the sample size based on the population size and available resources. Decide a method to select the sample (random, stratified, or convenience sampling) and implement it to select students. Collect data from selected students using a questionnaire.

Step by step solution

01

Define the Population

The first step is to define the population under study. In this case, the population is all the students at the school.
02

Determine the Sample Size

The next step is to decide the size of the sample that will be representative of the population. This could be based on the population size, time constraints, and resources available.
03

Choose the Sampling Method

Settle on a method to select the sample from the population. The method could be simple random sampling where everyone has an equal chance of being chosen, stratified random sampling where the population is divided into groups and members are selected randomly from each group, or convenience sampling where individuals who are easily accessible are selected.
04

Implement the Sampling

Now, the implementation of the chosen sample method takes place. If random sampling was chosen, maybe a random number generator can be used to select student IDs. If stratified sampling was selected, separate random samples from different groups (like each grade level) could be taken.
05

Data Collection

Finally, once the sample is selected, the data can be collected from those students using survey methods such as an online questionnaire asking their preference on car names.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Population Definition
Understanding the concept of 'population' is crucial when conducting statistical research or surveys. The population encompasses the entire set of individuals or objects that you鈥檙e interested in studying. In the context of the given exercise involving students' preferences on car names, the population is defined as all the students at a particular school.

It鈥檚 paramount to clearly define the population to ensure that the findings of the study are relevant and accurately reflect the views of the group you鈥檙e examining. If you have a broad or vaguely defined population, it may lead to biased results and diminish the reliability of the study鈥檚 conclusions.
Sample Size Determination
Determining the optimal sample size is a balance between statistical accuracy and practical constraints such as time and resources. To arrive at a representative sample size, several factors are considered: the total population size, the margin of error you're willing to accept, the confidence level you desire in your results, and the variability of the population.

A statistically significant sample size ensures that the results of your study can be generalized to the entire population with a known level of confidence. However, if the sample size is too small, the results may not accurately represent the population, leading to misleading conclusions.
Random Sampling
Random sampling is a fundamental method for selecting a representative group from a larger population. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, which helps to eliminate bias and enables the sample to more accurately reflect the characteristics of the population.

In conducting random sampling, tools such as random number generators or lottery systems can be utilized to ensure fairness. For example, if you're choosing from a student population, assigning numbers to each student and then using a computer-generated random number list can help in selecting a sample.
Stratified Sampling
Stratified sampling is a technique designed to improve the representativeness of a sample when there are known subgroups within the population that might influence the variable being measured. The population is divided into strata, or layers, based on a characteristic like age, grade level, or any other pertinent factor. Then, a random sample is taken from each stratum.

This ensures that each subgroup is adequately represented in the sample. In the context of the car naming preferences study, stratified sampling might involve dividing the student population by grade level and then taking a random sample from each grade.
Data Collection Process
The data collection process is a structured approach to gathering information from your sample. After defining the population, determining the sample size, and selecting the sampling method, researchers must decide on the most effective method to collect data. This could include surveys, questionnaires, interviews, or observational techniques.

For the exercise in question regarding students' car name preferences, an online questionnaire might be the most efficient method given the accessibility and ease of distribution. This method also allows for anonymity, which can help to ensure more honest and unbiased responses from participants.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The following paragraph appeared in USA Today (August 6,2009\()\) : Cement doesn't hold up to scrutiny A common treatment that uses medical cement to fix cracks in the spinal bones of elderly people worked no better than a sham treatment, the first rigorous studies of a popular procedure reveal. Pain and disability were virtually the same up to six months later, whether patients had a real treatment or a fake one, shows the research in today's \(N e w\) England Journal of Medicine. Tens of thousands of Americans each year are treated with bone cement, especially older women with osteoporosis. The researchers said it is yet another example of a procedure coming into wide use before proven safe and effective. Medicare pays \(\$ 1,500\) to \(\$ 2,100\) for the outpatient procedure. The paper referenced in this paragraph is "A Randomized Trial of Vertebroplasty for Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures" ( New England Journal of Medicine [2009]: \(557-568\) ). Obtain a copy of this paper through your university library or your instructor. Read the following sections of the paper: the abstract on page \(557 ;\) the study design section on page 558 ; the participants section on pages \(558-559 ;\) the outcome assessment section on pages \(559-560 ;\) and the discussion section that begins on page 564 . The summary of this study that appeared in \(U S A\) Today consisted of just one paragraph. If the newspaper had allowed four paragraphs, other important aspects of the study could have been included. Write a fourparagraph summary that the paper could have used. Remember-you are writing for the USA Today audience, not for the readers of the New England Journal of Medicine!

To examine the effect of exercise on body composition, healthy women age 35 to 50 were classified as either active \((9\) hours or more of physical activity per week) or sedentary (鈥淓ffects of Habitual Physical Activity on the Resting Metabolic Rates and Body Composition of Women aged 35 to 50 Years," Journal of the American Dietetic Association [2001]: \(1181-1191\) ). Percent body fat was measured and the researchers found that percent body fat was significantly lower for women who were active than for sedentary women. a. Is the study described an experiment? If so, what are the explanatory variable and the response variable? If not, explain why it is not an experiment. b. From this study alone, is it reasonable to conclude that physical activity is the cause of the observed difference in body fat percentage? Justify your answer.

The article "High Levels of Mercury Are Found in Californians" (Los Angeles Times, February \(9,2 \mathrm{OO} 6\) ) describes a study in which hair samples were tested for mercury. The hair samples were obtained from more than 6000 people who voluntarily sent hair samples to researchers at Greenpeace and The Sierra Club. The researchers found that nearly one-third of those tested had mercury levels that exceeded the concentration thought to be safe. Is it reasonable to generalize this result to the larger population of U.S. adults? Explain why or why not.

The article "Gene's Role in Cancer May Be Overstated" (San Luis Obispo Tribune, August 21, 2002) states that "early studies that evaluated breast cancer risk among gene mutation carriers selected women in families where sisters, mothers, and grandmothers all had breast cancer. This created a statistical bias that skewed risk estimates for women in the general population." Is the bias described here selection bias, measurement bias, or nonresponse bias? Explain.

For each of the situations described, state whether the sampling procedure is simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, or convenience sampling. a. All first-year students at a university are enrolled in 1 of 30 sections of a seminar course. To select a sample of freshmen at this university, a researcher selects four sections of the seminar course at random from the 30 sections and all students in the four selected sections are included in the sample. b. To obtain a sample of students, faculty, and staff at a university, a researcher randomly selects 50 faculty members from a list of faculty, 100 students from a list of students, and 30 staff members from a list of staff. c. A university researcher obtains a sample of students at his university by using the 85 students enrolled in his Psychology 101 class. d. To obtain a sample of the seniors at a particular high school, a researcher writes the name of each senior on a slip of paper, places the slips in a box and mixes them, and then selects 10 slips. The students whose names are on the selected slips of paper are included in the sample. e. To obtain a sample of those attending a basketball game, a researcher selects the 24 th person through the door. Then, every 50 th person after that is also included in the sample.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Decision Maths

Read Explanation

Statistics

Read Explanation

Logic and Functions

Read Explanation

Probability and Statistics

Read Explanation

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.