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Chapter 1: Problem 1

Give a brief definition of the terms descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Descriptive statistics involves summarizing, organizing and describing a data set, often through visual means. Inferential statistics is a method used to make conclusions or predictions about a population based on a sample.

Step by step solution

01

Define Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive statistics is a term that refers to the process of summarizing, organizing and describing a data set. It involves presenting information in a way that is easy to understand, such as through charts, tables or graphs.
02

Define Inferential Statistics

Inferential statistics, on the other hand, is a method used to draw conclusions or predictions about a population based on a sample of data from that population. It involves various statistical tests and hypothesis testing.
03

Distinguishing between the Two

Essentially, while descriptive statistics simply describe the data that is already known, inferential statistics try to infer or derive conclusions or predictions about a larger population, based on a representative sample of that population. The former summarises data, while the latter makes assumptions about data.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A consumer group conducts crash tests of new model cars. To determine the severity of damage to 2006 Mazda 6s resulting from a 10 -mph crash into a concrete wall, the research group tests six cars of this type and assesses the amount of damage. Describe the population and sample for this problem.

Water quality ratings of 36 Southern California beaches were given in the article "How Safe Is the Surf?" (Los Angeles Times, October 26,2002 ). The ratings, which ranged from \(\mathrm{A}\) to \(\mathrm{F}\) and which reflect the risk of getting sick from swimming at a particular beach, are given in the following list: \(\begin{array}{llllll}\mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{A}+ \\ \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{C} & \mathrm{C} & \mathrm{A}- \\ \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{C} & \mathrm{A} \\ \mathrm{D} & \mathrm{F} & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{D} & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{A} \\ \mathrm{D} & \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{D} & \mathrm{A}+ & \mathrm{A}+ \\\ \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{A} & \mathrm{C} & \mathrm{F}- & \mathrm{B} & \mathrm{A}+\end{array}\) a. Summarize the given ratings by constructing a relative frequency distribution and a bar chart. Comment on the interesting features of your bar chart. b. Would it be appropriate to construct a dotplot for these data? Why or why not?

The U.S. Department of Education reported that \(14 \%\) of adults were classified as being below a basic literacy level, \(29 \%\) were classified as being at a basic literacy level. \(44 \%\) were classified as being at an intermediate literacy level, and \(13 \%\) were classified as being at a proficient level (2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy). a. Is the variable literacy level categorical or numerical? b. Would it be appropriate to display the given information using a dotplot? Explain why or why not. c. Construct a bar chart to display the given data on literacy level.

Classify each of the following attributes as either categorical or numerical. For those that are numerical, determine whether they are discrete or continuous. a. Number of students in a class of 35 who turn in a term paper before the due date b. Gender of the next baby bom at a particular hospital c. Amount of fluid (in ounces) dispensed by a machine used to fill bottles with soda pop d. Thickness of the gelatin coating of a vitamin \(\mathrm{E}\) capsule e. Birth order classification (only child, firstborn, middle child, lastborn) of a math major

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