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Examine the sample data in the accompanying table.

5.9 5.3 1.6 7.4 8.6 1.2 2.1

4.0 7.3 8.4 8.9 6.7 4.5 6.3

7.6 9.7 3.5 1.1 4.3 3.3 8.4

1.6 8.2 6.5 1.1 5.0 9.4 6.4

a. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot to assess whether thedata are from an approximately normal distribution.

b. Compute sfor the sample data.

c. Find the values of QL and QU, then use these values andthe value of sfrom part b to assess whether the data comefrom an approximately normaldistribution.

d. Generate a normal probability plot for the data and useit to assess whether the data are approximately normal.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The plot is not symmetric. So, the data is not normal.

b. The standard deviation is 2.765172

c. The QL=3.4, and QU=7.9. the data is not normal.

d. The normal probability plot shows that the data is not normal

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Here sample data is provided.

02

Stem and leaf plot

a.

The decimal point is at the |

1 | 11266

2 | 1

3 | 35

4 | 035

5 | 039

6 | 3457

7 | 346

8 | 24469

9 | 47

The plot is not symmetric.

So, the data is not normal.

03

Calculating standard deviation

b.

No

x

xi-x2

1

5.9

0.151543

2

5.3

0.044401

3

1.6

15.29369

4

7.4

3.569401

5

8.6

9.543686

6

1.2

18.58226

7

2.1

11.63297

8

4

2.282258

9

7.3

3.201543

10

8.4

8.347972

11

8.9

11.48726

12

6.7

1.414401

13

4.5

1.021543

14

6.3

0.622972

15

7.6

4.365115

16

9.7

17.55011

17

3.5

4.042972

18

1.1

19.4544

19

4.3

1.465829

20

3.3

4.887258

21

8.4

8.347972

22

1.6

15.29369

23

8.2

7.232258

24

6.5

0.978686

25

1.1

19.4544

26

5

0.260829

27

9.4

15.12654

28

6.4

0.790829

Total

154.3

206.4468

The mean is calculated as follows :

x=i=1nxin=154.328=5.510714

Thus, the mean is 5.510714.

The standard deviation is calculated as follows :

s=i=1nxi-x2n-1=206.446828-1=2.765172

Thus, the standard deviation is 2.765172.

04

Checking for normality

No

observation

1

1.1

2

1.1

3

1.2

4

1.6

5

1.6

6

2.1

7

3.3

8

3.5

9

4

10

4.3

11

4.5

12

5

13

5.3

14

5.9

15

6.3

16

6.4

17

6.5

18

6.7

19

7.3

20

7.4

21

7.6

22

8.2

23

8.4

24

8.4

25

8.6

26

8.9

27

9.4

28

9.7

The lower quantile QL is,

QL=14n+1thobservation=0.2528+1thobservation=7.25thobservation=7th+8th2observation=3.3+3.52=3.4

Thus,the lower quantile is 3.4

The upper quantile is,QU=34n+1thobservation=0.7528+1thobservation=21.75thobservation=21th+22th2observation=7.6+8.22=7.9

Thus, the upper quantile is 7.9.

IQRs=QU-QLs=7.9-3.42.765172=1.627385

Here, the value of IQR/s is not approximately equal to 1.3

So, the data is not normal.

05

Checking for normality using graph

d.

The normal probability plot shows that all data points are not in line. So, the data points are not normally distributed.

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