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Do social robots walk or roll? A social (or service) robot is designed to entertain, educate, and care for human users. In a paper published by the International Conference on Social Robotics (Vol. 6414, 2010), design engineers investigated the trend in the design of social robots. Using a random sample of 106 social robots obtained through a Web search, the engineers found that 63 were built with legs only, 20 with wheels only, 8 with both legs and wheels, and 15 with neither legs nor wheels. This information is portrayed in the accompanying graph.

a. What type of graph is used to describe the data?

b. Identify the variable measured for each of the 106 robot designs.

c. Use the graph to identify the social robot design that is currently used the most.

d. Compute class relative frequencies for the different categories shown in the graph.

e. Use the results from part d to construct a Pareto diagram for the data.

Short Answer

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a. Bar graph

b. Type of robotic limb

c. 'Legs ONLY' design

d.

Types of Robotic Limbs

Number of Robots

Relative Frequency

None

15

14.15

Both

8

7.55

Legs ONLY

63

59.43

Wheels ONLY

20

18.87

e.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the type of graph

The type of graph plotted to represent the design of the robots is a bar graph. The total number of robots is represented by the bars each of which is associated with the respective types of robotic limbs.

02

Specifying the variable

Type of robotic limb is the variable that is measured for each robot and is classified into four categories accordingly.

03

Identifying the most used design

It can be inferred from the bar chart that the social robot design that is currently used the most is the 'Legs ONLY' design.

04

Computing class relative frequencies

The class relative frequencies of each design are calculated below:

Relative class frequency =Total number of robots of one designTotal number of robots脳100Relative class frequency of the robots having no limbs =15106脳100=14.15%Relative class frequency of the robots having both limbs =8106脳100=7.55%Relative class frequency of the robots having only legs =63106脳100=59.43%Relative class frequency of the robots havingonlywheels=20106脳100=18.87%

05

Constructing the Pareto diagram

Before constructing the Pareto diagram for the data of the design of the social robots, the calculation of the cumulative frequency and the cumulative percentage is as shown below:

Types of Robotic Limbs

Number of Robots

Cumulative

Frequency

Cumulative Percentage

Legs ONLY

63

63

59.43

Wheels ONLY

20

83

78.30

None

15

98

92.45

Both

8

106

100.00

In the Pareto diagram:

  • The bars represent the relative frequency of each class in descending order
  • The pink line represents the cumulative percentage

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