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Prove Theorem 1.4.11.

Short Answer

Expert verified

\(A = \left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\) and \(A \cup B = B \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\).

Step by step solution

01

Given information

For every two sets of A and B, \(A \cap B\)and \(A \cap {B^c}\)are disjoint. Moreover, \(A = \left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\).

In addition, B and \(A \cap {B^c}\) are disjoint. Moreover, \(A \cup B = B \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\).

02

Prove \(A = \left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\)

Let an arbitrary element \(x \in \left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\).

Using the distributive law, the above set can be written as shown below.

\(\begin{aligned}{c}\left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\\ = \left\{ {\left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup A} \right\} \cap \left\{ {\left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup {B^c}} \right\}\end{aligned}\)

By applying the distributive law again, we get,

\(\begin{aligned}{c} &= A \cap \left\{ {\left( {A \cup {B^c}} \right) \cap \left( {B \cup {B^c}} \right)} \right\}\\ &= A \cap \left\{ {\left( {A \cup {B^c}} \right) \cap \Omega } \right\}\\ &= A \cap \left( {A \cup {B^c}} \right)\\ &= A\end{aligned}\)

Here, \(\Omega \) is the sample space.

Therefore, \(x \in A\) and \(A = \left( {A \cap B} \right) \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\).

03

 To prove \(A \cup B = B \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\) 

Use the distributive law as shown below.

\(\begin{aligned}{c}B \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\\ &= \left( {B \cup A} \right) \cap \left( {B \cup {B^c}} \right)\\ &= \left( {B \cup A} \right) \cap \Omega \\ &= B \cup A\\ = A \cup B\end{aligned}\)

Here, \(\Omega \)is the sample space.

Thus, \(A \cup B = B \cup \left( {A \cap {B^c}} \right)\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Three six-sided dice are rolled. The six sides of each die are numbered\(1 - 6\). Let A be the event that the first die shows an even number, let B be the event that the second die shows an even number, and let C be the event that the third die shows an even number. Also, for each\(i = 1,2,...,6\), let\({A_i}\)be the event that the first die shows the number i, let \({B_i}\) be the event that the second die shows the number i, and let \({C_i}\)be the event that the third die shows the number i. Express each of the following events in terms of the named events described above:

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